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Medical Terminology > Chapter 17 - Endocrine System (17.1) > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Endocrine System (17.1) Flashcards

1
Q

antidiuretic

A

an agent that decreases urine production

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2
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

posterior pituitary hormone that decreases urine output by acting on the kidney; also called vasopressin

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3
Q

endocrine

A

pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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4
Q

endocrinology

A

medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

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5
Q

endocrinologist

A

a medical specialist in endocrinology

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6
Q

gland

A

a collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ

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7
Q

hormone

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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8
Q

hormonal

A

pertaining to a hormone or the endocrine system

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9
Q

leptin

A

hormone secrete by adipose tissue

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10
Q

melatonin

A

hormone formed by the pineal gland

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11
Q

oxytocin

A

hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract

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12
Q

parathyroid

A

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

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13
Q

pineal

A

pertaining to the pineal gland

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14
Q

pituitary

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

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15
Q

prostaglandin

A

hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland

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16
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter

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17
Q

serotonin

A

a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems

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18
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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19
Q

adrenal gland

A

the suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

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20
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

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21
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

A

posterior pituitary hormone that decreases urine output by acting on the kidney

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22
Q

corticosteroid

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

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23
Q

corticotropin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

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24
Q

hypophysis

A

another name for the pituitary gland

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25
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

26
Q

prolactin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

27
Q

somatotropin (aka growth hormone)

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues

28
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx

29
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

30
Q

thyroxine

A

thyroid hormone
T4, tetraiodothyronine

31
Q

tropin/trophin

A

tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones

32
Q

vasopressin (aka ADH)

A

pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output

33
Q

antagonist

A

an opposing structure, agent, disease, or process

34
Q

antagonistic (adj)

A

having an opposite function

35
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

36
Q

iodine

A

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

37
Q

parathyroid

A

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

38
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

39
Q

thyroid hormone

A

collective term for the two thyroid hormones, T3 and T4

40
Q

thyroxine

A

Thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

41
Q

triiodothyronine

A

thyroid hormone T3

42
Q

adrenal gland

A

the suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

43
Q

adrenaline (aka epinephrine)

A

one of the catecholamines

44
Q

adrenocortical

A

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

45
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

46
Q

catecholamine

A

any major hormones in stress response; includes epinephrine and norepinephrine

47
Q

corticoid (aka corticosteroid)

A

one of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

48
Q

cortisol (aka hydrocortisone)

A

one of the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex; has anti-inflammatory effects

49
Q

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex

50
Q

epinephrine (aka adrenaline)

A

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

51
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

52
Q

hydrocortisone (aka cortisol)

A

potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties

53
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

54
Q

norepinephrine (aka noradrenaline)

A

parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland

55
Q

glucagon

A

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

56
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

57
Q

glycogenolysis

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

58
Q

insulin

A

a hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas

59
Q

pancreas

A

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

60
Q

pancreatic (adj)

A

pertaining to the pancreas

61
Q

pancreatic islets

A

areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

62
Q

somatostatin

A

hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone and insulin

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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