Chapter 9- Nail Structure & Growth

Question 1

understanding the structure and growth of natural nails allows you to . . .

Answer 1

expertly groom, strengthen and beautify nails

Question 2

it is important to know the difference between the nail ______ and the _________ before preforming mail services

Answer 2

cuticle

eponychium

Question 3

understanding the structure and growth cycles of natural nails will prepare you for . . .

Answer 3

more advanced nail services

Question 4

also known as onyx, is the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair

Answer 4

natural nail

Question 5

it is an appendage of the skin and it is part of the integumentary system, which is made up of the skin and its various organs

Answer 5

natural nails

Question 6

a normal healthy nail is _______ but _______. the surface is ______ smooth, and _________ with no wavy ridges, ______ or splits.

Answer 6

firm
flexible 
shiny
unspotted
pits

Question 7

a healthy nail also is _______ and _______ in appearance with the pinkish color of the _______ below showing through

Answer 7

whiteish
translucent
nail bed

Question 8

the natural ________ is composed of several major parts involving the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, perionychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments and nail folds

Answer 8

nail unit

Question 9

a hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed. It is the most Visible and functional part of the nail unit. It is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through it mush more easily than through normal skin of equal thickness

Answer 9

nail plate

Question 10

nail plate is formed by

Answer 10

matrix cells

Question 11

as it grows the ________ slowly slides across the nail bed

Answer 11

nail plate

Question 12

the sole job of the matrix cells is to create _________

Answer 12

nail plate cells

Question 13

the nail plate may appear to be one solid piece, but it is actually constructed of about _____ layers of nail cells.

Answer 13

100

Question 14

the ________ ________ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the top of the finger or toe

Answer 14

free edge

Question 15

the portion of living skin that supports the nail edge as it grows toward the free edge. because it is richly supplied with blood vessels, the nail bed has a pinkish appearance from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail

Answer 15

nail bed

Question 16

the nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the

Answer 16

bed epithelium

Question 17

nail polish is applied to the . . .

not the nail

Answer 17

nail plate

nail bed

Question 18

nail PLATES are made up of ______ so they DO NOT require oxygen. In contrast, nail BEDS are live cells so the DO NEED _______,_______, and ________.

Answer 18

dead cells
oxygen
vitamins
minerals

Question 19

the nail bed does not have ________ glands, so the nail cannot perspire. It’s the skin around the nail that ______.

Answer 19

sweat

sweats

Question 20

the area where the nail plate cells are formed. it is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate cells.

Answer 20

matrix

Question 21

The matrix sets contains _______, _______, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells. As long as it is nourished and healthy, the matrix will continue to create new nail plate cells

Answer 21

nerves

lymph

Question 22

the whitish half moon shape underneath the base of the nail. the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin

Answer 22

lunula

Question 23

the whitish color of the lunula is caused by the __________ of light off the surface of the visible part of the underlying ________. The lighter color of the lunula shows off the true color of the _________.

Answer 23

reflection
matrix
matrix

Question 24

dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate

Answer 24

cuticle

Question 25

tissue that sticks right to the nail plate and can de difficult to remove. It seals the space between the natural nail plate and the living skin above it to prevent entry of foreign material and microorganisms to help avoid injury and infection

Answer 25

cuticle

Question 26

what are cuticle moisturizers, softeners or conditioner designed for?

Answer 26

eponychium, laterial sdealls and hyponycium

Question 27

the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix aera

Answer 27

eponychium

Question 28

the slightly thickened later of skin under the nail that lies between the finger tip and the free edge of the nail plate. it forms a protective barrier that prevents microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed

Answer 28

hyponychium

Question 29

______ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. Specialized ligaments attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone. These ligaments are located at the ______ of the ______ and around the ________ of the nail bed

Answer 29

ligaments
base
matrix
edges

Question 30

folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate.

Answer 30

nail folds

Question 31

nail folds form the ________ ________ or furrow, on each side of the nail.

Answer 31

nail groove

Question 32

the _______, also know as the lateral nail fold, is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail

Answer 32

sidewall

Question 33

a normal nail grows ___________ from the matrix and extends over the tip of the finger

Answer 33

forward

Question 34

normal healthy nails can grow in a variety of _______ depending on the shape of the _______.

Answer 34

shapes

matrix

Question 35

nail growth rates increase dramatically during the last trimester of ________.

Answer 35

pregnancy

Question 36

as a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently _______ down production causing the plate to develop a series of _______ grooves running down the length of the plate

Answer 36

slow

narrow