Chapter 9- Nail Structure & Growth Flashcards
understanding the structure and growth of natural nails allows you to . . .
expertly groom, strengthen and beautify nails
it is important to know the difference between the nail ______ and the _________ before preforming mail services
cuticle
eponychium
understanding the structure and growth cycles of natural nails will prepare you for . . .
more advanced nail services
also known as onyx, is the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair
natural nail
it is an appendage of the skin and it is part of the integumentary system, which is made up of the skin and its various organs
natural nails
a normal healthy nail is _______ but _______. the surface is ______ smooth, and _________ with no wavy ridges, ______ or splits.
firm flexible shiny unspotted pits
a healthy nail also is _______ and _______ in appearance with the pinkish color of the _______ below showing through
whiteish
translucent
nail bed
the natural ________ is composed of several major parts involving the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, perionychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments and nail folds
nail unit
a hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed. It is the most Visible and functional part of the nail unit. It is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through it mush more easily than through normal skin of equal thickness
nail plate
nail plate is formed by
matrix cells
as it grows the ________ slowly slides across the nail bed
nail plate
the sole job of the matrix cells is to create _________
nail plate cells
the nail plate may appear to be one solid piece, but it is actually constructed of about _____ layers of nail cells.
100
the ________ ________ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the top of the finger or toe
free edge
the portion of living skin that supports the nail edge as it grows toward the free edge. because it is richly supplied with blood vessels, the nail bed has a pinkish appearance from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail
nail bed
the nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the
bed epithelium
nail polish is applied to the . . .
not the nail
nail plate
nail bed
nail PLATES are made up of ______ so they DO NOT require oxygen. In contrast, nail BEDS are live cells so the DO NEED _______,_______, and ________.
dead cells
oxygen
vitamins
minerals
the nail bed does not have ________ glands, so the nail cannot perspire. It’s the skin around the nail that ______.
sweat
sweats
the area where the nail plate cells are formed. it is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate cells.
matrix
The matrix sets contains _______, _______, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells. As long as it is nourished and healthy, the matrix will continue to create new nail plate cells
nerves
lymph
the whitish half moon shape underneath the base of the nail. the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin
lunula
the whitish color of the lunula is caused by the __________ of light off the surface of the visible part of the underlying ________. The lighter color of the lunula shows off the true color of the _________.
reflection
matrix
matrix
dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate
cuticle
tissue that sticks right to the nail plate and can de difficult to remove. It seals the space between the natural nail plate and the living skin above it to prevent entry of foreign material and microorganisms to help avoid injury and infection
cuticle
what are cuticle moisturizers, softeners or conditioner designed for?
eponychium, laterial sdealls and hyponycium
the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix aera
eponychium
the slightly thickened later of skin under the nail that lies between the finger tip and the free edge of the nail plate. it forms a protective barrier that prevents microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed
hyponychium
______ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. Specialized ligaments attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone. These ligaments are located at the ______ of the ______ and around the ________ of the nail bed
ligaments
base
matrix
edges
folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate.
nail folds
nail folds form the ________ ________ or furrow, on each side of the nail.
nail groove
the _______, also know as the lateral nail fold, is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
sidewall
a normal nail grows ___________ from the matrix and extends over the tip of the finger
forward
normal healthy nails can grow in a variety of _______ depending on the shape of the _______.
shapes
matrix
nail growth rates increase dramatically during the last trimester of ________.
pregnancy
as a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently _______ down production causing the plate to develop a series of _______ grooves running down the length of the plate
slow
narrow
