Chapter 6- General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; it is the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts
anatomy
the story of the function and activities performed by the body’s structures
physiology
the basic units of all living things- from bacteria to plants to animals including human beings
cells
the cells of all living things are composed of a substance called ___________, a colorless jelly like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present.
protoplasm
similar to a raw egg white
protoplasm
in addition to protoplasm, most cells also include a _________, ___________ and the cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; it plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.
nucleus
the egg yolk in the middle of the raw egg
nucleus
the eagerly fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for the growth, reproduction, and self repair
cytoplasm
the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cells divide into two identical cells allen daughter cells
mitosis
a collection of similar cells that preform a particular function
tissue
a fibrous tissue that hinds together protects and supports the various parts of the body.
connective tissue
technical term for fat
adipose tissue
a protective covering on the body surfaces such as skin, mucous membranes , the tissue on the inside of the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs and the glands
epithelial tissue
carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions
nerve tissue
structures composed of specialized tissues designed to preform specific functions in plants and animals
organs
forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by moveable and immovable joins
skeletal system
how many bones make up the skeletal system
206
the skeleton of the head and is divided into two part
the skull
bones of the skull •
an oval bony case that protects the brain
cranium
bones of the skull •
the frame work of the face that is composed of 14 bones
facial skeleton
bones of the cranium •
hindmost bones of the skull below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape
occipital bone
people often complain of join paint however the pain is usually caused by _______________ and not the joint itself. There are over _______ moveable and semi-moveable joints in the body
inflammation of the tissue surrounding the joint
230
bones of the cranium •
bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together
sphenoid bone
bones of the face •
how many bones are in the face
14
bones of the face •
also known as malar bones or cheekbones. Bones that form the promo ace of the cheeks. There are two of these
zygomatic bones
bones of the chest, shoulder and back •
also known a as chest or pulmonary trunk. Condition of the sternum, ribs, and theistic vertebrae. it is an elastic bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart lungs and other internal organs
thorax
bones of the arms and hands •
inner and larger bones in the forearm attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger
ulna
bones of the arms and hands •
smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb
radius
little finger side
ulna
thumb side
radius
bones of the arms and hands•
there are three in each finger and two in the thumb. bones of the fingers or toes
phalanges
bones of the leg, ankle and foot •
heavy long home that forms the leg above the knee
femur
bones of the leg ankle and foot•
bones that come down from the lower leg bone
tibia
fibula
bones of the leg ankle and foot•
also known as the ankle bone
talus
th body system that covers, shapes and holds the skeletal system in place; the muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body
muscular system
part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton
origin
middle part of the muscle
belly
part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton
insertion
pressure in massage is usually directed from the __________ to the _________
insertion
origin
muscles of the neck•
muscle of the neck that lowers and rotated the head
sternocleidomastoideus
muscles of the eye •
ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes
orbicularis oculi muscle
muscle of the eye •
muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
corrugator muscle
thing muscle that controls the eyelid and can easily be damaged during makeup application
levator palpebrad superioris muscle
muscles that attach the arms to the body •
muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls seining movements of the arm
trapezius
muscles of the shoulder and arm•
muscle that turns the hand inwards so that the palm faces down
pronator
muscles of the hand •
muscles that draw a body part, such as a finer arm or toe AWAY from the midland of the body. in the hand, these separate the fingers
abductors
muscles of the hand•
muscles that draw a body part such as a finger arm or toe inward TOWARD the midlinenof the body
adductors
whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted
nerves
also known as efferent nerves carry impulses from the brian to the muscles or glands. These transmitted impulses produce movements
motor nerves
the simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a _____
reflex
largest cranial nerves is the _________ also knows as the trifacial nerves or trigeminal nerve
5th cranial nerve
it is the chief sensory nerve of the face and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that controls chewing
5th cranial nerve
supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg
sural nerve
takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns the blood to the heart so oxygenated-rich blood can be delivered to the bod
pulmonary circulation
thin walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; veins constrain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevents blood from flowing backward
veins
nutritive fluid circulation through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and water from them.
blood
There are approximately _____ to ____ pints of blood in the human body
8
10
Blood is approximately ____% water.
80
It is ________ in the arteries and _________ in the veins. The color change occurred with the exchange of __________ for oxygen as the blood passes through the lungs and again with the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide as the blood circulates through the body
bright red
dark red
carbon dioxide
the main arteries that supply blood to the head, face and neck. they are located on both sides of the neck and each artery is divided into an internal and external branch
common carotid arteries
is made up of lymph, lymph nodes and the thymus gland, the spleen and lymph vessels
lymphatic/ immune system
consists of the skin and its accessory organs such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails
integumentary system
means a natural covering
integument
also known a as ductless glands, such as thyroid and pituitary glands, release hormonal secretion directly into the blood stream
endocrine glands
secretions such as insulin, adrenaline and estrogen that stimulate functional activity or other secretions
hormones
this gland affect almost every physiologic process of the body; growth, blood pressure, contraction on during childbirth, breast milk production, sexual organ functions in both men and women, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy
pituitary gland
controls how quickly the body burn energy, makes proteins and how sensitive the boys should be to other horomones.
thyroid glands
includes the ovaries l, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina in the fetal
reproductive system
produces hormones- primarily estrogen in females and promissory testosterone in males. these hormones affect and change the skin in several ways. Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentation are some of the results of change or fluctuating hormones
reproductive system
