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A&P > chapter 9 muscular system I > Flashcards

chapter 9 muscular system I Flashcards

1
Q

functions of muscular system?

A

produce movement
maintain posture
stabilize joints
generate heat

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2
Q

why do muscles generate heat?

A

use cellular aerobic respiration, lose some energy as heat

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3
Q

functional characteristics of muscle system

A

excitability/irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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4
Q

contractibility

A

shortened when stimulated

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5
Q

extensibility

A

stretch 3x original length

uterus

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6
Q

elasticity

A

recoils to original length

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7
Q

skeletal control

A

voluntary/conscious

controlled by nervous system

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8
Q

cardiac control

A

involuntary control by endocrine and ANS

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9
Q

smooth control

A

involuntary control by endocrine and ANS

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10
Q

muscle fibers

A

muscle cells

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11
Q

what surrounds muscle fibers?

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

endomysium

A

around a single muscle fiber

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13
Q

perimysium

A

around a fasicle (bundle) of fibers

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14
Q

epimysium

A

covers entire skeletal muscle

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15
Q

fascia

A

on the outside of the epimysium, surround muscle as a whole

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16
Q

flesh eating bacteria

A

necrotizing fasciitis

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17
Q

how do u get necrotizing fascia?

A

from major trauma, attacks soft tissue fascia

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18
Q

what are treatments for necrotizing fascia?

A

antibiotics
amputation
tissue graft

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19
Q

what does each muscle have?

A

nerve
artery
vein

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20
Q

ways that muscles attach

A

direct

indirect

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21
Q

indirect attachment

A

tendon (cord)
aponeurosis
white cuz of collagen

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22
Q

aponeurosis

A

flat tendonous tissue

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23
Q

why are the tendon and aponeurosis white?

A

collagen fibers

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24
Q

attachment sites

A

origin

insertion

25
Q

origin attachment site

A

more stable, proximal

26
Q

insertion attachment site

A

more movable

distal to origin in limbs

27
Q

muscle fiber cell structures

A 
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
myofibrils
sarcomere
sarcoplasmic reticulum
28
Q

sarcolemma

A

husk

membrane of muscle fiber

29
Q

muscular dystrophy (duchenne’s)

A

inherited x-linked recessive
muscle fibers atrophy; shrinks, weakening
death around 20
weakened sarcolemma

30
Q

sarcoplasm

A

glycosomes

myoglobin

31
Q

what do glycosomes store?

A

glycogen

32
Q

what is purpose of glycosomes?

A

to break down to glucose to feed CAR

33
Q

purpose of myoglobin?

A

store O2

34
Q

myofibrils

A

muscle protein filaments

rod like structures made up of myosin & actin filaments; protein

35
Q

myofibrils at rest give what?

A

distinct striations (bands)
I band
A band

36
Q

I band

A

light band

37
Q

A band

A

dark band

38
Q

what is sarcomere and what makes it up?

A 
z-disc to z-disc
contractile unit of muscle
thick filaments - myosin
thin filaments - actin
bare zone
z disc
39
Q

thick filaments

A

myosin

40
Q

thin filaments

A

actin

41
Q

purpose of mysoin filaments

A

ATPase enzymes

large head groups link thick and thin filaments during contraction

42
Q

bare zone

A

lakcs actin filaments at rest

43
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

specialized SER

stores Ca2+ for muscle contraction

44
Q

what do muscles do when they contract?

A

pull on structures they are attached to (trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, etc.)

45
Q

action

A

movements accomplished when it contracts (ex. flexion, extension)

46
Q

interactions

A

working together to bring about a desired movement

47
Q

functional groups

A

prime mover
antagonist
synergist

48
Q

prime mover

A

primarily responsible for desired movement

ex. brachialis

49
Q

antagonist

A

opposes the prime mover

ex. triceps

50
Q

synergist

A

aids the prime mover by either:
adding extra force
preventing or reducing undesirable movements
ex. biceps

51
Q

naming skeletal muscle

A 
location
shape
relative size
direction of fibers or fascicles (orientation)
location of attachment (origin first)
number of heads
action
52
Q

ex of location

A

tibialis anterior

53
Q

ex of shape

A

deltoid, trapezius

54
Q

ex of relative size

A

ending with maximus, minimus, longus, brevi

55
Q

ex of orientation

A

rectus abdominis

56
Q

ex of location of attachment

A

sternocleidomastoid

57
Q

ex of number of head

A

prefix of bi, tri, or quad

58
Q

ex of action

A

extensor, flexor,… extensor digitorum

59
Q

im injection site

A

deltoid

vastus lateralis

A&P (18 decks)

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