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A&P > chap 5 integumentary system > Flashcards

chap 5 integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system

A

skin

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2
Q

composition of integumentary system

A

skin

skin derivatives

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3
Q

skin derivatives

A

sweat glands

oil glands

hair

nails

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4
Q

skin functions

A

protects deeper tissue

aids in heat regulation

aids in excretion of urea and uric acids

synthesizes vitamin D

detection of stimuli

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5
Q

types of tissue damage

A

mechanical

chemical

bacterial

thermal

ultraviolet

dessication

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6
Q

dessication

A

helps from drying out

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7
Q

heat regulation

A

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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8
Q

sweat

A

urea and uric acids

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9
Q

structure of skin

A

epidermis

dermis

hypodermic (subcutaneous)

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10
Q

epidermis

A

made up of stratified squamos epithelium

keratinocytes form several layers

melanin found here

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11
Q

layers of epidermis

A

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

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12
Q

stratum basale functions

A

origin of keratinocytes for superficial strate

high mitotic activy (cell division)

contains melanocyes (keratinocyte that has melanin); melanin goes on sunny side

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13
Q

what is in the stratum spinosum?

A

dendrite cells

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14
Q

what happens in the statum granulosum?

A

keratin granules starting to show

secrete glycolipid, border between living and dead

stoppage of water

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15
Q

what is stratum corneum?

A

located at exposed surface of skin

protective barrier of dead, durable, and expendable cells

cells are filled with keratin

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16
Q

melanin

A

pigment produced by melanocytes

amount produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight

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17
Q

albinism

A

failure to produce tyrosinase

genetic mutation that results in not having the genetic code to make the protein tyrsoinase (enzyme) that produces melanin in the body

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18
Q

layers of dermis

A

papillary layer

reticular layer

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19
Q

whats in the pappillary layer?

A

supports and nourishes underlying epidermis

projections called dermal papillae

pain receptors

capillary loops

less fibers allows for WBC movement

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20
Q

whats in the reticular layer?

A

loaded with collagen and elastic fibers

blood vessels

glands

nerve receptors

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21
Q

hypodermic (subcutaneous)

A

not part of skin

anchors skin to underlying organs

composed mostly of adipose tissue

when it is loaded with fat, called saturated subcutaneous

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22
Q

appendages of the skin

A

sebaceous glands

sweat glands

hair

nails

23
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum (oil); lubricant

ducts empty into hair follicle

glands are activated at puberty (hormone control)

24
Q

types of sweat glands

A

widely distributed under skin

eccrine (merocrine)

apocrine (puberty)

25
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

coiled portion in dermis, open via duct to pore on skin surface

most numerous

helps dissipate excess heat through evaporative cooling; hot water leaves the body to cool us down

26
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

puberty

ducts empty into hair follics

axillary and pubic areas

activated by stress, pain, and sexual excitement

fatty acid and protein excretion; break down of bacteria produces body odor

27
Q

modified sweat glands

A

ceruminous glands

mammary glands

28
Q

ceruminous glands

A

produce cerumen (earwax)

29
Q

hair

A

strand of dead, hard keratinzed epithelial cells projecting from a tunnel in the epidermal and dermal layers (hair follicle)

30
Q

hair follice

A

tunnel that hair grows in

formed by mitotically active stratum basale cells

melanocytes provide pigment for hait color

dermal cappillaries provide blood supply

31
Q

parts of hair

A

bulb

root

shaft

32
Q

arrector pili function

A

smooth muscle

makes hair stand on end

senses movement

33
Q

teratogenic

A

messes up embryo

34
Q

rogaine is

A

minoxidil

35
Q

nails structures

A

nail fold

eponychium

nail body

36
Q

nail body

A

sheet of hard keratin attached to nail bed

lunule

more oxygen in blood, more red will appear

37
Q

lunule

A

crescent shaped vascular are at proximal end of the nail bed and visible through the nail

38
Q

injection sites

A

intradermal

subcutaneous

intramuscular

intravenous

39
Q

intradermal (ID)

A

in dermis 10-15 angle

skin allergy tests

botox and collagen

40
Q

subcutaneous (SQ)

A

below skin 45 angle

insulin

41
Q

intramuscular (IM)

A

if small amounts faster than SQ cuz of high vascularity

42
Q

intravenous (IV)

A

fastest method

less pressure, faster delivery thats why through veins instead of arteries

43
Q

blisters

A

fluid filled pocket between epidermis and dermis

stress on skin

44
Q

lines of cleavage

A

formed by uniform alignment of collagen and elastic fibers

45
Q

stretch mark

A

tearing of dermis due to rapid stretch

pregnancy, fat, muscle build

46
Q

decubitus ulcers (bed sores)

A

blood supply due to weight of body restricted, leads to ischemia, then necrosis

bacterial infections result

47
Q

associated dangers of burns

A

dehydration

electrolyte imbalance

circulatory shock

infection

48
Q

rule of nines

A

head - 9

arms - 9+9=18

body - 36

legs - 18 + 18 = 36

pubic - 1

anterior and posterior

49
Q

severity of burns

A

1st - redness and swelling; epidermis only

2nd - blistering; epidermis and part of dermis

3rd - destruction; death of tissue through entire dermis

50
Q

skin cancer types

A

basal cell carcinoma

squamos cell carcinoma

51
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

least malignant

arises from stratum basale cells that go on to invade underlying dermis and hypodermis

goes down instead of up

shiny dome shaped nodule found in sun exposed areas

slow growing and metastizes seldom

52
Q

squamos cell carcinoma

A

usually sun induced

arises from stratum spinosum

scaly reddened papule common on head and hands

grow rapidly and will metastazise if not removed

can occur body wide (wherever there is pigment)

53
Q

ABCD rule of cancer detection

A

asymmetry

irregular border (jagged vs smooth)

color; different colors same spot

diameter >6 mm means trouble

A&P (18 decks)

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