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A&P > Chapter 9: Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular System Functions

A 
Body Movement
Maintenance of Posture
Respiration 
Production of Body Heat
Communication
Construction of organs and vessles
Heart beat
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2
Q

Properties of Muscle

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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3
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle shorten with force

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4
Q

Excitability

A

respond to a stimulus

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5
Q

Extensibility

A

muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still contract

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6
Q

Elasticity

A

recoil to original resting length after stretched

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7
Q

Skeletal (voluntary)

A

Locomotion, facial expressions,posture, respirations

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8
Q

Smooth (involuntary)

A

Walls- holllow organs, blood vescles, glands, skin,

Some functions: propel, urine, mix foods (Digestive), pupils, regulate blood flow.

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9
Q

Cardiac (involuntary)

A
  • Heart
  • Autorhythmic
  • Control - endocrine and autonomic nervous system
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10
Q

Skeletal Muscle Structure

A

A. Muscle cells(muscle fibers), connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves.
B. Fibers long, cylindrical multinucleated
C. Smaller diameter in small muscles; larger in large muscles. 1mm to 4cm long
D. Develop from myoblasts; numbers “constant” from birth
E. Straited - light and dark banding

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11
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Surrounds the muscle cell

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12
Q

Endomysium

A

Also around muscle cell

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13
Q

Permiysium

A

surrounds group of muscle fibers (fasciculus)

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds the muscle

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15
Q

Fascia

A

connective tissue sheet

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16
Q

Fascia steps:

A
  • forms layer under the skin
  • holds muscles together - separates them into functional groups
  • allows free movements of muscles
  • carries nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
  • continuous with tendons and peritoneum
17
Q

Motor neurons

A

stimulate muscle fibers to contract

18
Q

Axons branch

A

each muscle fibers is innervated

19
Q

Muscle Fiber Anatomy

A

Nuclei - inside sarocolemma(plasma membrane of muscle fibers)
Muscle cell is packed with myofibers within muscle cytoplasm

20
Q

“thin”

A

Actin myofilaments

21
Q

“thick”

A

Myosin myofilaments

22
Q

Sacromeres

A

repeating units of myofilaments

23
Q

Tropomyosin

A

long protein covers active binding sites on Actin - prevents Myosin from binding

24
Q

Troponin

A

binds to actin, topomyosin, and Ca++

25
Q

Tropomyosin/troponin complex

A

regulates interaction of active sites on actin

26
Q

Myosin molecules

A

“golf clubs”

- wound molecules wound together- 2 heads

27
Q

Myosin heads

A

binds to active sites on actin - form cross- bridges
hinge region - bends during contraction
breaks down ATP, releasing energy. Energy used to bend hinge.

28
Q

Z disk

A

attachment for actin myofilaments

29
Q

M line

A

filaments holding myosin in pleace

A&P (6 decks)

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