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A&P > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Cell (4 total)

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use. 2. Synthesis of molecules 3. Communication. Produce and revive electrical and chemical signals
  2. Reproduction and Inheritance. Each cell contains DNA. Some cells
    - > gametes. DNA exchange during sexual intercourse
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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates intracellular from extracellular

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3
Q

Membrane potential

A

a charge across the membrane from intracellular and extracellular ion connections.

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4
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Is the collection on glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.

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5
Q

Carbohydrates + lipids

A

Glycolipids

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6
Q

Carbohydrates + proteins

A

Glycoproteins

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7
Q

Membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol

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8
Q

Phospholipids

A

from lipids bilayers

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9
Q

Cholesterol

A

More cholesterol = less fluid the membrane

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10
Q

Membrane has a fluid nature

A

Phospholipids automatically repair if membrane damaged

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11
Q

MATER (5 words)

A 
Maker molecules 
Attachment proteins 
Transport proteins 
Enzymes 
Receptor proteins
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12
Q

Maker molecules

A

Allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules

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13
Q

Basic structures of the cell

A
  1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus
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14
Q

Attachment proteins

A

Anchor cells to other cells or to extracellular molecules

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15
Q

Channel proteins

A

From passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell; may be gated or non gated

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16
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Move ions or molecules across the membrane

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17
Q

Atp powered pump

A

Moves specific ions or molecules across the membrane

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalyze chemical reactions either inside or outside cells

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19
Q

Receptor proteins

A

Have receptor sites - can attach to specific chemical signals

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20
Q

Cadherins

A

Cells to cells

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21
Q

Integrins

A

Integral proteins that attach to extracellular molecules

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22
Q

3 transport proteins

A

Channel proteins, carrier proteins, ATP powered pumps

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23
Q

What a non gated ion channels

A

They are always open. Plasma membrane permeable to a few ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

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24
Q

What are gated ion channels

A

Open or closed by stimuli.

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25
Q

Ligand gated ion channel

A

Open - a small molecule binds to protein or glycoproteins

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26
Q

Voltage gated ion channel

A

Opens- a change in charge across plasma membrane

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27
Q

Integral proteins

A

Move ion from one site of membrane to another

  • specific binding sites
  • protein changes shape then resumes original shape
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28
Q

Uniporters

A

Moves ONE particle

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29
Q

Symporters

A

Move TWO particles in same direction at same time

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30
Q

Anitporters

A

Movie TWO particles AT OPPOSITE directions at the SAME time

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31
Q

ATP-Powered transport

A

Requires ATP

Rate of transport depends on concentration of substrate and ATP

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32
Q

Passive membrane transport (no energy needed)

A
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated diffusion
33
Q

Active Membrane Transport (energy needed)

A
  • Active transport
  • Secondary Active transport
  • Vesicular Transport
34
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of solutes in solution - higher concentration to lower concentration

35
Q

Concentration or density gradient

A

Difference between between two points

36
Q

Viscosity

A

How easily a liquid flows

37
Q

Temperature (Diffusion)

A

Affects movement of particles.

38
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves - area of low concentration of solute -> area of high concentration of solute

39
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

40
Q

Isosmotic

A

Solutions with drake concentrations of solute particles

41
Q

Hyper osmotic

A

Solution with w grater concentration of solute

42
Q

Hyposmotic

A

Solution with a lesser concentration of solute

43
Q

What is osmotic pressure ?

A

The force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

44
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Cell neither shrinks nor swells.

45
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Cell shrinks (crenation)

46
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Cell swells (lysis)

47
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier mediated or channel meditate passive membrane transport process that moves substance into or out of cells from a higher to a lower concentration

48
Q

Symport

A

If ion or molecules move in the same direction

49
Q

Antiport

A

If ions or molecules move in a different direction

50
Q

Vesicular transport - Endocytosis

A

Internalization of substances - formation of vesicle

51
Q

Cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Cytoskeleton
  3. Cytoplasmic inclusions
  4. Organelles
52
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid portion = dissolved molecule + colloid

53
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Supports cell - movements change shape; movement of cilia

54
Q

Microtubules: hollow

A

Internal scaffold, transport in cell, cell division, cilia, and flagella

55
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Mechanical strength

56
Q

Actin filaments

A

Structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement

57
Q

Cytoasmic inclusions:

A

Aggregates of chemicals

58
Q

Organelles

A

A. Small specialized structures - specific structure/function
B. Most have membranes - separates interior of organelles from cytoplasm

59
Q

Nucleus

A
  1. Membrane - bound
  2. Nucleoplasm, nucleolus and near nuclear envelope
  3. Much of DNA located here
60
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + proteins

61
Q

Ribosomes

A
  1. Site - protein synthesis
  2. A large and small subunit
  3. Types- free and attached
62
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough ER and Smother ER

63
Q

Cisternae

A

Interior spaces isolated from rest of cytoplasm

64
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modification package, distribution of proteins and lipids - secretion or use internal

65
Q

Mitochondria

A

Major site - ATP synthesis

66
Q

Centrosome

A

Specialized zone near nucleus and microtones made in

67
Q

Cilia

A

Appendages projection from cell structures. Moves materials over cell surface

68
Q

Flagella

A
  • Similar to cilia but longer
  • usually only one per cell
  • move the cell itself
69
Q

Microvilli

A
  • Extension of plasma membrane

- increase cell surface area

70
Q

Transcription

A

Occurs when a section of a DNA modules unwinds and its complementary strands separate.

71
Q

Translation

A

is the synthesis of a protein at ribosome in response to the codons of mRNA.

72
Q

Gene

A

Functional unit of heredity

73
Q

Structural

A

Serve as template for mRNA, code for amino acid sequences.

74
Q

Regulatory

A

Control which structural genes transcribed in given tissue

75
Q

Interphase

A

Phase between cell division

  • Replication of DNA
  • ongoing normal cell activities
76
Q

Cell life cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis
cyrokinesis

77
Q

Mitosis

A

Mother cell -> two daughter cells. Cells genetically identical

78
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cell cytoplasm

A&P (6 decks)

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