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ANPH 150 > Chapter 9: Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Muscular System Flashcards

0
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Function

A

Turns head

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1
Q

Masseter

Fuction

A

Closes jaw

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2
Q

Latissimus dorsi

Function

A

Adduction of arm

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3
Q

Trapezius

Function

A

Raise shoulders

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4
Q

Pectorals

Function

A

Adduction of arms

“flex”

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5
Q

Triceps

Function

A

Extend arm

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6
Q

Biceps

Function

A

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

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7
Q

Deltoids

Function

A

Abducts arms

Rotation

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8
Q

Obliques

Function

A

Stabilize spine

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9
Q

Rectus abdominis

Function

A

Stabilize core

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10
Q

Vastus lateralis

Function

A

Extend and stabilizes knee

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11
Q

Quadriceps femoris

Function

A

Knee extension “flex”

Hip flexion

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12
Q

Hamstrings

Function

A

Flexion of the knee

Extension of hip

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13
Q

Tibialis anterior

Function

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

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14
Q

Gastrocnemius

Function

A

Plantar flexion

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15
Q

Gluteus maximus

Function

A

Sitting and climbing

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16
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between the nerve and motor end plate

17
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Myosin heads of the thick filaments pull on the thin filaments causing you to slide towards the center

18
Q

Muscle contraction requires…

A

Calcium and ATP

19
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filament

20
Q

Actin

A

Thin filament

Contains two other proteins: tropomyosin and troponin

Contains a myosin-binding site where myosin can attach

21
Q

Myofibrils

A

Cylindrical structures that contain two types of proteins:

Actin

Myosin

22
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

“SR”

Fluid filled membrane enclosed tubules that store calcium for muscle contraction

23
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Muscle fibers cytoplasm, packed with mitochondria which produce large amounts of ATP

24
Q

Transverse tubules

A

T-tubules

Tunnel in from the surface towards the center of the muscle fibers

25
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane that covers the muscle fiber

26
Q

Tendon

A

Dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to a bone

27
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Elongated, cylindrical cells arranged parallel to each other

28
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue, surrounds each individual muscle fiber

29
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles

30
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue, wraps around the entire muscle

31
Q

Skeletal muscles

structure

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Blood

Connective tissue

32
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Producing contraction

Stabilize a body positions

Storing and moving substances within the body

Produce heat

33
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Cardiac

Smooth

Skeletal

34
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

“NMJ”

The synapse between the neuron terminals and the motor end plate of the motor muscle fiber

35
Q

4 steps that occur in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

A

1- Release of Acetylcholine (Ach)

2- Ach binds to the motor end plate opening the sodium channels and releasing Na

3- Na generates a motor action potential

4- Breakdown of Ach by an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase

37
Q

Physiology of muscle contraction

A

1- Motor neuron is activated and releases Ach into the synaptic cleft

2- Ach diffuses across sarcolemma and binds to the binding sites and triggering action potential

3- Acetylcholinesterase breaks down the Ach

4- The muscle action potential travels down the T-tubule opening the Ca channels in this SR

5- Ca floods into the sarcoplasm and binds to the thin filaments (troponin) exposing the binding sites for myosin

6- Myosin binds to actin and power strokes towards the center (contraction)

7- Ca channels are closed in the SR and Ca is actively pumped back into the SR (uses ATP)

8- Troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back into position and blocks myosin from binding to actin

9- Muscle relaxes

38
Q

Muscles involved in breathing

A

External intercostals

Internal intercostals

Diaphragm

39
Q

Exterior intercostals

A

Lie superficially between ribs

They elevate the ribs during inspiration

40
Q

Interior intercostals

A

Lie deeper than the external intercostals

They depress the ribs during forced exhalation

41
Q

Diaphragm

A

Enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration

42
Q

Homeostasis of Ca in blood

A

Calcium too low:
Parathyroid gland secretes Parathyroid hormone

Calcium too high:
Thyroid gland secretes Calcitonin

ANPH 150 (9 decks)

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