Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards by Jennifer Elder

Phalanges

lower limb

14 bones making the toes

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Lower limb

and List

30 bones in the thigh, leg and foot

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsal

Talus

Calcaneus

Metatarsal

Phalanges

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Metatarsals

Lower limb

Five elongated bones that form the middle portion of the foot

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Calcaneus

Heel bone

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Talus

Moves freely where it joins the tibia and fibula

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Tarsal

(Ankle)

Has seven bones

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Fibula

Located on the lateral side of the tibia

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Tibia

(Shinbone)

The larger of the two leg bones, located on the medial side

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Patella

(kneecap)

Articulates with the femur

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Femur

Longest bone in the body and extends from hip to knee

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Upper limb

30 bones each upper limb

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Provide attachment for muscles and function as delivers

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Pelvic girdle

Consists of two coxal (ox coxae)

Articulate with each other anteriorly and the sacrum posteriorly

Provides attachments for the lower limbs

Protects urinary bladder, the distal end of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs

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Ilium

Largest and the uppermost portion of os coxae

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Ischium

Lowest portion of os coxae and is L-shaped

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Pubis

Makes up the anterior portion of os coxae

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Phalanges

Upper limb

The finger bones

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Metacarpals

Five, one in line with each finger

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Carpals

Bound firmly in two rows of four bones

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Ulna

Longer than the radius and overlaps the humerus

Located on the pinky side of the hand

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Radius

Located on the thumb side of the hand

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Humerus

Extends from scapula to the elbow

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Scapula

“Shoulder blade”

Articulates with the clavicle and the humerus

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Clavicle

Articulates with the sternum and the scapula

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Pectoral girdle

Clavicle

Scapula

Ribs

12 pairs True ribs: First 7 pairs articulate to the sternum False ribs: Remaining 5 pairs attach indirectly to the sternum Floating ribs: 11th and 12 pair - they do not attach at all to the sternum

Sternum | Parts?

"Breastbone" Articulates with clavicle and ribs Manubrium: Upper part Body: Middle and largest part Xiphoid process: Lower part

Thorax | Consists of

Consists of: Sternum Costal cartilage Ribs Thoracic vertebrae

Intervertebral disc

Located between each vertebrae, to support weight and absorb shock

Vertebral foramen

Spinal cord passes through

Spinous process

(Vertebral characteristic) Extends posteriorly

Transverse process

(Vertebral characteristic) Extends from each side

Coccyx

One Four fused coccygeal vertebrae

Sacral

One Five fused sacral vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Five Support the lower back

Thoracic vertebrae

12 Posterior to the thoracic cavity They articulate with the ribs

Cervical vertebrae

Seven Located in the neck

Vertebral column

Adult has 26 vertebrae

Fontanelles

"Soft spots" found between cranial bones at birth

Paranasal sinuses

Lined with mucous membranes Resonating chambers, produce unique sounds for our speaking/singing voices Reduce weight of the skull

Cranial sutures

Immovable joints that hold the skull bones together

Vomer

Triangle shaped bone on the floor of the nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Lacrimal

Smallest bone of the face Medial walls of the orbits

Zygomatic

Cheekbones

Mandible

Lower jawbone, the only movable skull bone

Palatine

Two Are fused and form the posterior portion of the hard palate

Maxilla

Paired bone that unite to form the upper jaw

Nasal

Form part of the bridge of the nose

Facial bones

Nasal Maxilla Palatine Mandible Zygomatic Lacrimal Interior nasal conchae Vomer

Ethmoid bone

Located in the anterior part of the cranial floor between the orbits

Sphenoid bone

Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull, it holds all the other cranial bones together

Occipital bone

Forms the posterior and most of the base of the cranium

Temporal bone

Two Form the inferior sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor External auditory meetus leading to the middle ear enters through this bone

Parietal bone

Two Form the sides and the roof of the cranial cavity

Frontal bone

Forms the forehead, the roof of the orbits and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor

Cranial bones

Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid

Skull Bones #? Cranial #? Facial #?

22 bones: 8 cranial bones 14 facial bones

Axial skeleton

Vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull

Appendicular skeleton

Pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs