Chapter 1: Orientation to the Human Body

Question 0

Physiology is

Answer 0

The study of the functions of body parts

Question 1

Anatomy is

Answer 1

The study of the structures (morphology, form) of body parts

Question 2

Inferior

Directional

Answer 2

Directional: below

Question 3

Anterior

Directional

Answer 3

Directional: front

Question 4

Posterior

Answer 4

Directional: behind

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Directional: close to middle

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Directional: away from middle

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Directional: closer

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Directional: further away

Question 9

Superficial

Answer 9

Directional: close to surface

Question 10

Deep

Answer 10

Directional: close to bones

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Directional: above

Question 12

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Human organism

Answer 12

List from least to most complex levels of structural organization

Question 13

Sagittal

Plane

Answer 13

Plane: divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides

Question 14

Transverse

Plane

Answer 14

Plane: divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior portions

Question 15

Frontal
(Coronal)

Plane

Answer 15

Plane: divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions

Question 16

Ventral

Cavity

Answer 16

Located in the front of the body contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities which are separated by the diaphragm

Question 17

Dorsal

Cavity

Answer 17

Located at the back of the body contains the cranial and spinal cavities

Question 18

Thoracic

Cavity

Answer 18

Surrounded by the ribs and chest muscles, contains the lungs and heart

Question 19

Abdominal

Cavity

Answer 19

Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver and other organs

Question 20

Pelvic

Cavity

Answer 20

Contains the bladder and some reproductive organs and the rectum

Question 21

Receptor

Answer 21

Receives information about a change in the environment

Question 22

Control center

Answer 22

Receives and processes the information

Question 23

Effector

Answer 23

Response to signals from the control center by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus

Question 24

Negative feedback

Answer 24

Reverses or shuts off the change

Question 25

Positive feedback

Answer 25

Reinforces or increases the change

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

Question 27

Pathophysiology

Answer 27

Study of disorders of functioning of the human body

Question 28

Setpoints

Answer 28

Range of normal