CHAPTER 9: Motivation MCQ Flashcards
\_\_\_\_\_ is the systematic study of dispositional and situational variables that influence the behaviors and experiences of individuals and groups at work. A) Management by objectives B) Organizational psychology C) Industrial psychology D) Human factors
B) Organizational psychology
A topic that is included in organizational psychology is: A) teamwork. B) selection. C) job analysis. D) legal issues in hiring.
A) teamwork.
A topic included in organizational psychology is: A) selection. B) performance appraisal. C) leadership. D) job performance
C) leadership.
\_\_\_\_\_ is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and sustains their work behavior. A) Job enrichment B) Valence C) Instrumentality D) Work motivation
D) Work motivation
Work motivation is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and \_\_\_\_\_ work behaviors. A) identifies B) prevents C) sustains D) suppresses
C) sustains
Work motivation is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, \_\_\_\_\_, and sustains work behaviors. A) directs B) devotes C) limits D) decreases
A) directs
Which of these is a component of work motivation? A) directing effort B) limiting effort C) controlling effort D) decreasing effort
A) directing effort
Which statement about motivation is true?
A) Motivation is the same thing as performance.
B) Motivation and performance are the same construct.
C) Motivation involves sustaining work behaviors.
D) Motivation involves decreasing effort.
C) Motivation involves sustaining work behaviors.
Forces that organize perceptions, beliefs, cognitions, and actions, and then give rise to behaviors that reduce these forces and bring about a steady state, are known as: A) traits. B) needs. C) expectancies. D) beliefs.
B) needs.
Which of the following needs is included in Maslow's hierarchy? A) esteem B) identification C) growth D) altruism
A) esteem
What is the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top?
A) physiological needs, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
B) physiological needs, love, esteem, safety, self-actualization
C) safety, esteem, love, physiological needs, self-actualization
D) safety, physiological needs, esteem, love, self-actualization
A) physiological needs, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
Nathan, a college student, diligently attends every class and studies hard for every exam as he is motivated by the need to fulfill his potential. According to Maslow, Nathan has reached the level of the needs hierarchy known as: A) self-actualization. B) self-transcendence. C) growth. D) esteem.
A) self-actualization.
Monroe is a college professor who feels that she is well-regarded and respected by her students and her peers. According to Maslow, Monroe has reached the level of the needs hierarchy known as: A) safety. B) esteem. C) love. D) self-transcendence.
B) esteem.
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of these needs takes precedence over all other needs?
A) making friends
B) gaining respect from colleagues
C) drinking water to reduce thirst
D) fulfilling one’s purpose in one’s life
C) drinking water to reduce thirst
Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A) It is easily testable, and a great deal of research supports it.
B) It is easily testable, and a great deal of research refutes it.
C) It is difficult to test, and thus few empirical studies have investigated it.
D) Research has mainly been conducted by business managers, and this evidence shows strong support for the theory.
C) It is difficult to test, and thus few empirical studies have investigated it.
Maslow's love needs correspond to Alderfer's \_\_\_\_\_ needs. A) existence B) rational C) growth D) relatedness
D) relatedness
One main difference between Maslow’s hierarchy and Alderfer’s ERG theory is that:
A) there is strong empirical support for Maslow’s hierarchy but not for Alderfer’s ERG theory.
B) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as the ERG need categories do.
C) ERG need categories can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as Maslow’s hierarchy do.
D) Alderfer’s work was mostly based on clinical observations, whereas Maslow conducted only empirical studies.
C) ERG need categories can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as Maslow’s hierarchy do.
Katy cannot attain her growth needs, so she refocuses her energy on satisfying her relatedness needs. Her situation would be best explained by:
A) Alderfer’s frustration-regression hypothesis.
B) Herzberg’s two-factor theory.
C) job characteristics theory.
D) positive psychology.
A) Alderfer’s frustration-regression hypothesis.
Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Alderfer’s ERG theory?
A) Research indicates that the different stages cannot occur simultaneously.
B) Most research was conducted by Alderfer himself and has mixed support.
C) More research has been done on Maslow’s theory than on Alderfer’s theory.
D) To date, there has not been any empirical research conducted on Alderfer’s theory.
B) Most research was conducted by Alderfer himself and has mixed support.
Who is responsible for the motivation theory that proposes that the determinants of job satisfaction are not the same as those that determine job dissatisfaction? A) Victor Vroom B) Albert Bandura C) Frederick Herzberg D) J. Stacy Adams
C) Frederick Herzberg
According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is an example of a motivator? A) recognition B) salary C) working conditions D) supervision
A) recognition
According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is an example of a hygienes factor? A) recognition B) interesting work C) advancement opportunities D) supervision
D) supervision
According to two-factor theory, "recognition" is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_, and "supervision" is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_. A) hygiene; motivator B) motivator; hygiene C) esteem need; relatedness need D) existence need; growth need
B) motivator; hygiene
The study of human attributes, including well-being, optimism, creativity, and spirituality, is known as: A) industrial psychology. B) positive psychology. C) holistic psychology. D) organizational behavior management.
B) positive psychology.
\_\_\_\_\_ argues that motivation is determined by the combined effect of individual differences in personality and characteristics of a job. A) Social cognitive theory B) ERG theory C) Job characteristics theory D) Control theory
C) Job characteristics theory
According to Hackman and Oldham (1980), which of these is a core job dimension? A) autonomy B) experienced responsibility C) contextual performance D) self-actualization
A) autonomy
In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence: A) growth need strength.
B) personal and work outcomes
C) critical psychological states.
D) internal motivation.
C) critical psychological states.
Paul is an HR manager who wants to motivate his employees using the job characteristics theory to guide his efforts. One step Paul should take is to:
A) redesign jobs to be high on skill, variety, and autonomy.
B) help employees reduce their inputs and increase their outcomes.
C) improve employees’ salaries and working conditions.
D) set difficult, specific goals for his employees.
A) redesign jobs to be high on skill, variety, and autonomy.
Which of these recommendations is supported by the job characteristics model?
A) Job tasks should be simple and repetitive.
B) Employees should understand how their efforts lead to meaningful outcomes.
C) Employees with high levels of growth need strength should not be allowed to assume personal responsibility for their
work.
D) Supervisors should avoid giving regular constructive feedback to employees.
B) Employees should understand how their efforts lead to meaningful outcomes.
According to Hackman and Oldham (1980), which of these represents the extent to which individuals value fulfilling their higher-order needs? A) self-actualization B) self-transcendence C) cognitive evaluation D) growth need strength
D) growth need strength
Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on the job characteristics model?
A) The theory is difficult to test, and therefore very few studies have been conducted.
B) A recent meta-analysis suggests that the job characteristics model actually works in the opposite way from that theorized
by Hackman and Oldham.
C) A recent meta-analysis suggests that job characteristics have important influences on motivation, performance, and
satisfaction.
D) A recent review by the APA found that instituting suggestions from the job characteristics model would be highly
unethical.
C) A recent meta-analysis suggests that job characteristics have important influences on motivation, performance, and
satisfaction.
Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation? A) self-evaluation theory B) self-regulation theory C) self-determination theory D) expectancy theory
C) self-determination theory
Which scenario is the BEST example of the overjustification effect?
A) Regan used to like painting pictures. However, once she started getting paid for painting, she refused to paint unless she was paid to do so.
B) Warren does not work very hard, so he claims his poor performance because his job is very difficult.
C) Melinda feels that she is overpaid for her work. As a result, she works much harder and for longer hours than she would
if she were paid less.
D) Julian spends a great deal of time procrastinating so that he has to rush to finish his work. This way, when his work is poor quality, he can blame it on the rushing rather than on his abilities.
A) Regan used to like painting pictures. However, once she started getting paid for painting, she refused to paint unless she
was paid to do so.
Equity theory and expectancy theory are categorized as \_\_\_\_\_ theories of motivation. A) cognitive choice B) self-regulation C) need-motive-value D) hygiene
A) cognitive choice
People's perceptions and beliefs about the fairness of their treatment at work affect their motivation, attitudes, and behaviors; this is the underlying idea behind the: A) ERG theory. B) equity theory. C) expectancy theory. D) social cognitive theory.
B) equity theory.
According to equity theory, which of the following is an input? A) benefits B) feelings of satisfaction C) education level D) salary
C) education level
According to equity theory, which of the following is an outcome? A) abilities B) efforts C) education level D) feelings of satisfaction
D) feelings of satisfaction
According to equity theory, people compare their ratio of inputs and outcomes to:
A) the outputs that they believe they should earn.
B) the inputs they believe are valuable.
C) the ratio of inputs and outputs of their peers.
D) the ratio of inputs and outputs of CEOs.
C) the ratio of inputs and outputs of their peers.
Angie perceives inequity because when she compares her input/outcome ratio to that of Sally’s, the ratios are not equal. Angie frequently volunteers to work many more hours than Sally, but she receives smaller bonuses compared to what Sally receives. According to equity theory, one way Angie can reduce her perceived inequity is to:
A) increase the value she places on outcomes such as bonuses.
B) increase her commitment to achieve a $1,000 bonus.
C) stop volunteering to work extra hours.
D) devote more time to conducting a self-evaluation.
C) stop volunteering to work extra hours.
Pilar perceives inequity because when she compares her input/outcome ratio to that of Blake’s, the ratios are not equal. Pilar produces excellent work but does not receive the pay that Blake receives. According to equity theory, one way Pilar can reduce her perceived inequity is to:
A) improve the quality of her work.
B) increase her inputs by obtaining more education.
C) increase the value she places on outcomes, such as pay.
D) alter her perceptions about her ratio by comparing herself to a coworker who earns a lower salary.
D) alter her perceptions about her ratio by comparing herself to a coworker who earns a lower salary.
