CHAPTER 11: Stress and Wellbeing Flashcards
1
Q
The process of stressors leading to strain is what we generally refer to as:
A)coping.
B)stress.
C)dissatisfaction.
D)burnout
A
B)stress.
2
Q
Undesirable personal outcomes that result from the combined stressful experiences of various life domains are known as:
A)dissatisfactions.
B)stressors.
C)strains.
D)demands.
A
C)strains.
3
Q
Mimi has a very rude and demanding boss. She feels tense throughout the day, and when she goes home at night she has a pounding headache. In this example, the demanding boss is an example of \_\_\_\_\_ and her headache is an example of \_\_\_\_\_. A) a strain; a stressor B) a stressor; a strain C) a strain; stress D) stress; a stressor
A
B)a stressor; a strain
4
Q
One variable that is especially important to stress levels, according to Karasek’s (1990) model of stress, is:
A) control.
B) feedback.
C) task dependence.
D)task significance.
A
A)control.
5
Q
Josie has low motivation because she doesn’t get along with her boss, doesn’t know what she is supposed to do in her role, and has few choices over how she completes her work. This lack of motivation is referred to as:
A)strain.
B)stress.
C)anxiety.
D)cognitive dissonance.
A
A)strain.
6
Q
According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, role variables, career development and:
A)coping
B)depression
C)self-esteem
D)interpersonal relationships
A
D)interpersonal relationships
7
Q
According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, interpersonal relationships, career development and:
A)lack of motivation
B)role variables
C)job satisfaction
D)coping
A
B) role variables
8
Q
Pam, a dental hygienist, is never sure what her bosses (the dentists) expect from her. She is likely experiencing:
A)role ambiguity.
B)role conflict.
C)role confusion.
D)job conflict.
A
A) role ambiguity.
9
Q
Gretchen, a hospital nurse, feels particularly stressed right now because two doctors are disagreeing about what she should be doing with her time. She does not have time to do the things that both doctors want her to do, and must choose which doctor to obey. Gretchen is probably experiencing:
A)role uncertainty.
B)role conflict.
C)supervisory conflict.
D)role ambiguity.
A
B) role conflict.
10
Q
The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: job-related, emotion-related, and:
A)problem-related.
B)intrinsic.
C)physiological.
D)career development
A
C) physiological.
11
Q
The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: job-related, physiological, and:
A)problem-related.
B)interpersonal.
C)emotion-related.
D)perceptual.
A
C) emotion-related.
12
Q
The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: physiological, emotion-related, and:
A)problem-related.
B)job-related.
C)psychological.
D)episodic.
A
B) job-related.
13
Q
Which of these is an example of a job-related strain?
A)increased illnesses
B)depression
C)ineffective performance
D)low self-esteem
A
C) ineffective performance
14
Q
Which of these is an example of a physiological strain? A)chest pains B)depression C)lack of motivation D)ineffective performance
A
A) chest pains
15
Q
Tracy, who is a police officer, has two different roles at work. Sometimes she has to treat citizens respectfully, comfort them, and help them solve problems. At other times, she must behave aggressively, make demands of citizens, and delay solving problems to ensure that people are safe. These contradictory expectations are an example of:
A)role ambiguity.
B)role conflict.
C)emotion-focused roles.
D)problem-focused roles.
A
B) role conflict.
16
Q
Which of these is a category of work strain?
A)contextual strain
B)emotional strain
C)biological strain
D)aggression
A
B) emotional strain
17
Q
\_\_\_\_\_ is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. A)Stress B)Burnout C)Aggression D)Stressor
A
B) Burnout
18
Q
Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and:
A)aggression.
B)depersonalization.
C)family-work conflict.
D)episodic stress.
A
B) depersonalization.
19
Q
Burnout is characterized by depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment, and:
A)emotional ablation.
B)role ambiguity.
C)emotional exhaustion.
D)migraines.
A
C)emotional exhaustion.
20
Q
Chelsea, a surgeon, often feels detached from her patients. She doesn’t see them as human beings, but only as nuisances. The dimension of burnout that Chelsea is experiencing is:
A)episodic stress.
B)personal deflation.
C)chronic stress.
D)depersonalization.
A
D) depersonalization.
21
Q
Research on a person’s burnout at work suggests that it:
A)does not affect job performance.
B)is not a widespread phenomenon.
C)is linked to people’s dispositions.
D)is linked to certain characteristics of jobs.
A
D) is linked to certain characteristics of jobs.
22
Q
Research on a person’s burnout at work suggests that it:
A)is limited to helping professions such as medicine and psychology.
B)happens only rarely.
C)is a widespread phenomenon.
D)occurs in response to minor episodic stress.
A
C) is a widespread phenomenon.
23
Q
David is a manager who deals with organizational politics. He is not sure that his job will exist in the next few months, and faces “red tape” whenever he advocates an idea to his boss. The type of stress that David is encountering is:
A)challenge-related.
B)autonomy-related.
C)demands-related.
D)hindrance-related.
A
D) hindrance-related.
24
Q
Which statement accurately reflects research on managerial stress?
A)Hindrance-related stress is positively related to job satisfaction.
B)Hindrance-related stress is negatively related to voluntary turnover.
C)Challenge-related stress is negatively related to searching for a job.
D)Challenge-related stress is negatively related to job satisfaction.
A
C) Challenge-related stress is negatively related to searching for a job.
25
Research indicates that hindrance-related stress is _____ related to job satisfaction, and challenge-related stress is _____ related to job satisfaction.
A)positively; negatively
B)negatively; positively
C)positively; positively
D)negatively; negatively
A) positively; negatively
26
Research indicates that hindrance-related stress is _____ related to searching for a new job, and challenge-related stress is _____ related to searching for a new job.
A)positively; negatively
B)negatively; positively
C)positively; positively
D)negatively; negatively
A) positively; negatively
27
```
_____ coping involves behaviors or actions targeted towards solving or handling the stress-inducing issue itself.
A)Stress-related
B)Problem-focused
C)Emotion-focused
D)Person-focused
```
B) Problem-focused
28
_____ coping involves strategies that minimize the common responses to stress, such as rationalization.
A)Stress-focused
B)Individually focused
C)Problem-focused
D)Emotion-focused
D) Emotion-focused
29
```
Lianne's boss has just given her so much work that she is worried she will won't be able to finish it. She decides to talk to her colleagues and get them to help her with her workload. In this case, Lianne is engaging in _____ coping.
A)reactive
B)cognitive
C)problem-focused
D)emotion-focused
```
C) problem-focused
30
```
Callista's boss has just given her so much work that she is worried she will won't be able to finish it. She decides to take some time out of her day to take a yoga class to relax herself. In this case, Callista is engaging in _____ coping.
A)active
B)problem-focused
C)emotion-focused
D)physical
```
C) emotion-focused
31
_____ training has been found to improve an employee's subjective and physical well-being.
A)Athletic
B)Team-based
C)Emotional-competence
D)Transformational
C) Emotional-competence
32
Which strategy would be the BEST for reducing your work-related stress?
A)spending your downtime surfing the Internet and checking your work email
B)discussing your problems and getting social support from others
C)withdrawing from coworkers
D)doing what has worked well for your colleagues in the past
B) discussing your problems and getting social support from others
33
According to Peter Warr (1999, 2007a), the more the employees experience environmental determinants of health on the job, the less likely they are to experience:
A)negative well-being.
B)job dissatisfaction.
C)role conflict.
D)role ambiguity.
A) negative well-being.
34
Lori had a great day at work and has a positive attitude. When she arrives home, she maintains this positive attitude and is in a particularly good mood with her family. Lori is experiencing:
A)work-family involvement.
B)work-family enrichment.
C)work-life support.
D)organization-based self-esteem.
B)work-family enrichment.
35
```
One concept used to explain work-family conflict is known as the _____ model.
A)spillover
B)trickle-down
C)bottom-up
D)saturation
```
A)spillover
36
Research by Hennessy (2008) found that _____ were particularly likely to demonstrate aggression and hostility at work.
A)female commuters
B)male commuters
C)female noncommuters
D)male noncommuters
B)male commuters
37
Research has indicated that individuals with high levels of work-family conflict tend to be:
A)more satisfied with their jobs and lives.
B)more satisfied with their jobs, but less satisfied with their lives.
C)less satisfied with their jobs, but more satisfied with their lives.
D)less satisfied with their jobs and lives.
D)less satisfied with their jobs and lives.
38
```
Research has suggested that spillover is _____ for work interfering with family than for family interfering with work.
A)stronger
B)weaker
C)less frequent
D)less important
```
A)stronger
39
In their research on work-family conflict, Martins, Eddleston, and Veiga (2002) found that:
A)men make family more central to their lives as they get older.
B)women make family more central to their lives as they get older.
C)low-income employees report greater work-life supports than high-income employees.
D)U.S.-based research findings on work-family conflict generalize to other cultures.
A)men make family more central to their lives as they get older.
40
Mel is someone who sets goals and develops strategies to reach those goals. She is also flexible enough to develop contingency approaches when her initial strategy is unsuccessful. Which theory suggests that Mel will perceive less job stress and report lower work-family conflict?
A)life management theory
B)spillover theory
C)job characteristics theory
D)work-life support theory
A)life management theory
41
There are four ways to manage boundaries-behavioral, physical, temporal, and:
A)spatial.
B)communicative.
C)intrapersonal.
D)cognitive.
B)communicative.
42
Carson works from home much of the time. In order to help him keep his work and home life separate, he has an office where he does only his work. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.
A)temporal
B)communicative
C)behavioral
D)physical
D)physical
43
Delta works from home much of the time. In order to keep her work and home life separate, Delta starts working at 7 A.M. and finishes by 3 P.M. every day. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.
A)temporal
B)communicative
C)physical
D)behavioral
A)temporal
44
Zelda works from home much of the time. In order to keep her work and home life separate, she tells her children that when she is in her office, she is not to be disturbed. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.
A)temporal
B)communicative
C)interpersonal
D)behavioral
B)communicative
45
Hammer and colleagues' research on family supportive supervisor behaviors suggested that employees who felt that their employers provided them family-specific support:
A)had higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions.
B)had higher life satisfaction and better physical health.
C)had higher job satisfaction, and higher turnover intentions
D)had lower job satisfaction, and poorer physical health.
A)had higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions.
46
Family-friendly policies are sometimes known as:
A)work-family enhancers.
B)employee assistance programs.
C)work-life supports.
D)spillover enrichments.
C)work-life supports.
47
The Family Medical Leave Act allows eligible employees to take _____ for family-related issues, such as the birth of a child.
A)12 weeks paid leave
B)12 weeks unpaid leave
C)12 months paid leave
D)12 months unpaid leave
B)12 weeks unpaid leave
48
Forty percent of employees who take time off under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) do not take the entire 12 weeks of leave because:
A)their employers ask them to come back to work.
B)their jobs are not protected after the eighth week of the leave.
C)they cannot afford to go without pay during the entire leave.
D)they feel guilty about not attending work.
C)they cannot afford to go without pay during the entire leave.
49
Which of these has been linked to child-care difficulties?
A)job analysis
B)legal selection
C)absenteeism
D)workplace violence
C)absenteeism
50
Research has shown that active users of onsite child-care centers:
A)were not pleased with the company's support of the center.
B)were more likely to believe that the center was a good recruitment tool for the company than nonusers did.
C)held less favorable beliefs about the center's quality of child-care than nonusers.
D)held less positive attitudes towards managing their work and family responsibilities than nonusers.
B)were more likely to believe that the center was a good recruitment tool for the company than nonusers did.
51
Mary is 45 years old and is employed full-time. She is taking care of her 80-year-old father while also taking care of her 16-year-old. Mary can be labeled as a(n):
A)member of the sandwiched generation.
B)member of the AARP alliance.
C)conventional dual-caregiver.
D)intragenerational caregiver.
A)member of the sandwiched generation.
52
Perhaps the fastest growing elder-care benefit is:
A)the dependent-care account.
B)long-term insurance.
C)geriatric care management.
D)informational assistance.
C)geriatric care management.
53
A main motivating factor for the increase in dual-earner couples is that:
A)women's incomes are now more similar to men's, compared to their incomes in the past.
B)child care is more available and more affordable.
C)couples are more likely to remain unmarried, and thus need greater independent financial security.
D)couples tend to have larger families than they did in the past.
A)women's incomes are now more similar to men's, compared to their incomes in the past.
54
A Catalyst survey found that 56% of respondents listed the biggest challenge of a dual-earner situation as:
A)job dissatisfaction.
B)work-family conflict.
C)lack of time.
D)arguments over finances.
C)lack of time.
55
The transmission of stress, strain, and depression from one member of a couple to the other is referred to as:
A)spillover.
B)transference.
C)interference.
D)crossover.
D)crossover.
56
Which statement accurately describes a research finding on dual-earning couples?
A)Different variables predict career satisfaction for husbands and wives.
B)Husbands' work-family enrichment was negatively related to wives' depression one year later.
C)Wives' work-family enrichment was not related to husbands' depression.
D)American men devote about 8 minutes per day to housework, while their wives spend over 3 hours on housework.
B)Husbands' work-family enrichment was negatively related to wives' depression one year later.
57
Which statement is mentioned as a reason why jobs are important to us?
A)They provide an opportunity to use our existing skills and to develop new ones.
B)They require many people to commute to work.
C)They provide social interaction with our family.
D)They provide opportunities to increase our self-esteem.
A)They provide an opportunity to use our existing skills and to develop new ones.
58
Research suggests that when a layoff is announced in a company, about _____ percent of the remaining employees leave the organization either physically or emotionally.
A)10
B)20
C)50
D)75
B)20
59
Research on job loss has found that:
A)employees' ability to distance themselves from the job loss is positively related to reemployment.
B)layoff survivors often experience increased productivity and improved morale.
C)an individual's unemployment has no impact on marital satisfaction.
D)job search activities of unemployed individuals are negatively related to social support.
A)employees' ability to distance themselves from the job loss is positively related to reemployment.
60
Research suggests that survivors of layoffs:
A)tend to be more productive as a result.
B)feel grateful towards the organization.
C)do not consider the fairness of the layoff process.
D)experience decreased job satisfaction.
D)experience decreased job satisfaction.
61
Managers who perceive layoff procedures as unjust tend to:
A)exhibit low self-esteem.
B)exhibit highly effective behaviors towards subordinates.
C)become focused on earning a promotion.
D)commiserate with layoff survivors.
A)exhibit low self-esteem.
62
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the leading causes of death in a workplace are falls, transportation accidents, and:
A)suicides.
B)chemical accidents.
C)accidents due to lack of proper safety equipment.
D)homicides.
D)homicides.
63
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which of these is a risk factor for the likelihood of being assaulted at work?
A)working with stable persons
B)working at night
C)being involved in the exchange of money
D)delivering products using email
C)being involved in the exchange of money
64
Which of these is NOT included in the profile of a lethal employee?
A)a pattern of excellent performance
B)behaving in a vocally aggressive and violent manner
C)being socially isolated from other coworkers and not known very well
D)frequently exhibiting bizarre behavior that is observed by coworkers
A)a pattern of excellent performance
65
Attempts by someone inside or outside a company to cause injury or to be destructive as a result of an organizational factor are referred to as:
A)organization-motivated aggression.
B)organization-based violence.
C)organization-induced strain.
D)passive-aggressive violence.
B)organization-based violence.
66
Amelia is angry with her boss for a negative performance review. To retaliate, she sneaks into his office and attempts to erase the hard drive on his computer. Her actions are an example of:
A)organization-motivated violence.
B)individually-motivated aggression.
C)interpersonally-motivated violence.
D)organization-motivated aggression.
D)organization-motivated aggression.
67
Getting fired from a job would be an example of:
A)a strain.
B)a stressor.
C)stress.
D)burnout.
B)a stressor.
68
Low motivation, headaches, and depression are all examples of:
A)strains.
B)stressors.
C)stress.
D)coping.
B)stressors.
69
According to Karasek's demand-control model, one of the most important predictors of strains is:
A)how much control employees are provided in the workplace.
B)how many demands an employee makes.
C)how large the company is.
D)whether an employee is paid well.
A)how much control employees are provided in the workplace.
70
The conservation of resources (COR) model suggests that employees will feel stressed when:
A)they perceive that they are losing resources.
B)they have higher levels of responsibility.
C)they are prevented from hoarding resources.
D)they have close but intense work relationships.
A)they perceive that they are losing resources.
71
Ethan, who works in child protective services, often feels as though his work doesn't matter, since abusive parents ultimately get their children back and continue to mistreat them. The dimension of burnout that Ethan is experiencing is:
A)episodic stress.
B)personal deflation.
C)depersonalization.
D)reduced personal accomplishment.
D)reduced personal accomplishment.
72
Lucifer, who is a police officer, often feels overextended by his work. The dimension of burnout Lucifer is experiencing is:
A)hindrance.
B)emotional exhaustion.
C)depersonalization.
D)reduced personal accomplishment.
B)emotional exhaustion.
73
Magdalena, who is a manager, has a heavy workload, a high level of responsibility, and a lot of pressure to get her work done quickly. The type of stress she is experiencing is:
A)challenge-related.
B)autonomy-related.
C)demands-related.
D)hindrance-related.
A)challenge-related.
74
```
Meditating and thinking positively are examples of _____ coping.
A)active
B)problem-focused
C)emotion-focused
D)physical
```
C)emotion-focused
75
Peter Warr's construct of physical security is closely related to which two theories?
A)job characteristics and LMX
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs and ERG
C)self-determination and goal-setting
D)equity and expectancy
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs and ERG
76
Brent has had a horrible day at work. When he arrives home, he is too tired to help his wife with the children. As a result, he has an argument with his wife. Brent is experiencing:
A)work-family involvement.
B)work-family enrichment.
C)work-life support.
D)work-family conflict.
D)work-family conflict.
77
There are four ways to manage boundaries-behavioral, physical, communicative, and:
A)spatial.
B)temporal.
C)contractual.
D)cognitive.
B)temporal.
78
There are four ways to manage boundaries-temporal, physical, communicative, and:
A)spatial.
B)behavioral.
C)emotional.
D)cognitive.
B)behavioral.
79
There are four ways to manage boundaries-behavioral, temporal, communicative, and:
A)physical.
B)emotional.
C)spiritual.
D)cognitive.
A)physical.
80
A Catalyst survey found that 85% of respondents listed the biggest advantage of a dual-earner situation as:
A)income.
B)work-family enhancement.
C)social support.
D)life satisfaction.
A)income.
81
```
Research suggests that laid-off workers experience symptoms of:
A)schizophrenia.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
```
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
82
Research suggests that survivors of layoffs are more able to distance themselves from their layoff when they:
A)have more social support.
B)dislike their job.
C)perceive the pay as too low.
D)believe they are likely to be underemployed in their next role.
A)have more social support.
83
Individuals who believe they are underemployed:
A)tend to be more productive as a result.
B)experience high levels of interpersonal justice.
C)tend to have high job satisfaction.
D)engage in more counterproductive work behaviors.
D)engage in more counterproductive work behaviors.
84
Which of these is an example of an emotion-related strain?
A)ineffective performance
B)depression
C)increased illnesses
D)role variables
A)ineffective performance
85
Which of these has been shown to impact the effectiveness of coping behavior?
A)whether someone believes in holistic healing
B)one's view of oneself
C)bona fide occupational qualifications
D)one's cognitive ability
B)one's view of oneself
86
According to Peter Warr, the extent to which an employee has a solid understanding of current and future expectations is referred to as:
A)role ambiguity.
B)valued role position.
C)environmental clarity.
D)opportunity for personal control.
C)environmental clarity.
87
Environmental determinants such as variety, environmental clarity, and opportunity for personal control are closely linked to:
A)intrinsic motivation theories.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
C)ERG.
D)job characteristics theory.
A) intrinsic motivation theories.
88
Research indicates that telecommuting leads to _____ WIF and _____ FIW.
A)increased; increased
B)increased; decreased
C)decreased; increased
D)decreased; decreased
C)decreased; increased
89
In terms of household labor, surveys indicate that women report doing _____ hours per week, while men report doing about _____ hours per week.
A)13; 7
B)10; 10
C)7; 13
D)20; 0
A)13; 7
90
The workers who are most frequently assaulted or threatened are:
A)law enforcement officers.
B)postal workers.
C)retail sales workers.
D)child-care workers.
A)law enforcement officers.
91
A reliable finding that resulted from Martinko and Zellars' (1998) research is that:
A)aggression is perpetrated in the workplace without conscious thought.
B)"shocks to the system" trigger aggression in the workplace.
C)employees who have a low external locus of control are more likely to be aggressive than those with a high external locus of control.
D)males are considerably more likely than females to be aggressive in the workplace.
D)males are considerably more likely than females to be aggressive in the workplace.
92
Individuals who believe they are underemployed:
A)tend to be more productive as a result.
B)experience high levels of interpersonal justice.
C)tend to have high job satisfaction.
D)engage in more counterproductive work behaviors.
D)engage in more counterproductive work behaviors.
93
.
.
94
____ is a coping style that involves behaviours or actions targeted toward solving or handling the stress-inducing problem itself.
A) mindfulness
B) deflection
C) problem-focused coping
D) emotion-focused coping
C) problem-focused coping
95
A ____ is any disruptive event or force that pushes a psychological or physical function beyond its range of stability, producing a strain within the individual
A) strain
B) stressor
C) Trigger
D) layoff
B) stressor
96
A ____ is a personal outcome resulting from the combined stressful experiences of various life domains
A) strain
B) stressor
C) trigger
D) layoff
A) strain
97
Which is NOT a workplace stressor?
A) career development
B) role variables
C) increased illness
D) interpersonal relationships
C) increased illness
98
Which is NOT a risk factor for workplace violence?
A) drug or alcohol use on the job
B) holding a grudge over a real or imagined grievance
C) hypersensitivity to criticism
D) burnout
D) burnout
99
.
.
100
_____ is a situation that results when role expectations are unclear and employees are thus not sure what is expected of them.
A. role conflict
B. Role ambiguity
C. organisational change
D. Counterproductive work behaviour
B. Role ambiguity
101
A model of work–family relations in which work and family demands are incompatible is called:
A. work-family enrichment
B. work-family conflict
C. problem-focused coping
D. emotion-focused coping
B. work-family conflict
102
The _____ allows eligible employees to take job-protected, unpaid leave for up to 12 weeks
A. civil rights act
B. title VII
C. Family medical leave act
D. affordable care act
C. Family medical leave act
103
Which is NOT one of the seven core components defined by the Society of Resource Management that have positive benefits for both employees and employers?
A. autonomy
B. work-life fit
C. culture of respect, trust, and belonging
D. mindfulness training
D. mindfulness training
104
A worker who is in a job that, by some standard, is inferior or below his or her capacity or ability is:
A. burned out
B. Downsized
C. underemployed
D. over employed
C. underemployed
105
The baby boomer generation is forcing modern-day companies to evaluate their _____ benefits.
A. elder-care
B. child-care
C. insurance
D. dual-earner
A. elder-care
