CHAPTER 1: Then and Now MCQ Flashcards
The subspecialty that involves the study of motivation, work attitudes, and the culture of organizations is:
A) industrial psychology.
B) personnel psychology.
C) performance psychology.
D) organizational psychology.
D) organizational psychology.
The subspecialty that involves the study of the assessment, measurement, and selection of people in their jobs is:
A)personality psychology.
B)industrial psychology.
C)performance psychology.
D)organizational psychology.
B)industrial psychology.
Which of these is LEAST likely to be studied by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis is on the subspecialty of industrial psychology?
A)employee training and development
B)performance appraisal and selection
C)work attitudes and behaviors
D)job analysis and recruitment
C)work attitudes and behaviors
Which of these is MOST likely to be studied by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis is on the subspecialty of industrial psychology?
A)leadership
B)work attitudes
C)motivation
D)selection
D)selection
Which of these is LEAST likely to be studied by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis is on the subspecialty of organizational psychology?
A)leadership
B)work attitudes
C)motivation
D)selection
D)selection
Which of these is MOST likely to be studied by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis is on the subspecialty of organizational psychology?
A)performance appraisal
B)selection
C)job analysis
D)leadership
D)leadership
Janice, an I/O psychologist, spends most of her time designing tests to help her select new employees, train those new employees, and help managers conduct performance evaluations. Most of Janice’s work would fall under the _____ subspecialty of I/O psychology.
A)personality psychology
B)industrial psychology
C)organizational psychology
D)selective psychology
B)industrial psychology
Dominic, an I/O psychologist, spends most of his time developing leaders, conducting surveys, gauging employee motivation and satisfaction, and ensuring his workers are safe. Most of Dominic’s work would fall under the _____ subspecialty of I/O psychology.
A)personality psychology
B)industrial psychology
C)organizational psychology
D)counseling psychology
C)organizational psychology
The textbook notes that the division between industrial and organizational psychology is somewhat artificial. What is one reason the textbook provides for why this might be a false dichotomy?
A) Nobody in the field can agree on what is meant by “industrial” versus “organizational” psychology.
B) Few organizations are concerned with organizational psychology topics, so nearly all I/O psychology consultants
address only industrial topics.
C) When I/O psychologists earn their required licenses from the American Psychological Association (APA), they must be
well-versed in both industrial and organizational topics.
D) Most issues faced by organizations encompass both industrial and organizational topics.
D) Most issues faced by organizations encompass both industrial and organizational topics.
In terms of their educational training, most I/O psychologists have:
A)received training from the APA.
B)obtained a PhD in I/O psychology.
C)earned a PhD from a business school.
D)attended graduate school outside of the United States and Canada.
B)obtained a PhD in I/O psychology.
The association with which most I/O psychologists affiliate is:
A)SIOP.
B)JOOP.
C)MPA.
D)AIOP.
A)SIOP.
The underlying approach to training I/O psychologists is known as the:
A) industrial/organizational model.
B) consumer/creator model.
C) consumer/generator model.
D) scientist/practitioner model.
D) scientist/practitioner model.
Which of these is the BEST definition of a competency?
A) whether an individual is willing to take a test of his or her skills
B)whether an individual popular among his or her peers
C)whether an individual has enjoys his or her job
D)whether employees have the skills, behaviors, and capabilities necessary to effectively perform their jobs
D)whether employees have the skills, behaviors, and capabilities necessary to effectively perform their jobs
Which of these is an important area for an I/O psychologist to be competent in?
A)marketing strategies
B)research methods
C)counseling distressed individuals
D)graphic design
B)research methods
What is the BEST definition of the scientist/practitioner model?
A)Practitioners must be educated by someone who is a scientist.
B)Scientists must be educated by someone who is a practitioner.
C)Scholars should understand both theory and application in their area.
D)Effective scientists will have spent a fair amount of time working as practitioners.
C)Scholars should understand both theory and application in their area.
A doctoral student in I/O psychology will complete his or her training by completing a _____, which will involve reviewing the research literature and designing a study to answer a series of research questions.
A)publication
B)dissertation
C)practicum
D)competency exam
B)dissertation
What employment settings do the largest percentage (over 40%) of I/O psychologists work in?
A)universities
B)private organizations
C)non-profit organizations
D)consulting firms
A)universities
What employment settings do the smallest percentage (4%) of I/O psychologists work in?
A)universities
B)private organizations
C)non-profit organizations
D)consulting firms
C)non-profit organizations
I/O psychologists who work as university professors typically teach in the psychology department or the _____ department.
A)business
B)engineering
C)labor studies
D)human factors
A)business
In which areas do more I/O psychologists work?
A)quality of work life
B)selection
C)industrial engineering
D)performance management
B)selection
The five areas that account for the largest portion of work conducted by I/O psychologists are training and development, organizational development, selection, quality of work life, and:
A) compensation.
B) human factors.
C) performance appraisal.
D) consumer behavior.
C) performance appraisal.
The five areas that account for the largest portion of work conducted by I/O psychologists are training and development, performance appraisal, selection, quality of work life, and:
A)organizational development.
B)compensation.
C)human factors.
D)consumer behavior.
A)organizational development.
Dinah’s work primarily involves which area of emphasis?
A) organizational development
B) training and development
C) performance appraisal
D) quality of work life
A) organizational development
Sean is an I/O psychologist who conducts surveys in his organization to determine what types of things might frustrate or upset employees. His goal is to find ways to help employees feel satisfied and proud of their work. Sean’s work primarily involves which area of emphasis?
A) selection
B) organizational development
C) performance appraisal
D) quality of work life
D) quality of work life
Shania is an I/O psychologist who spends her time designing surveys that supervisors can use to evaluate their subordinates. She also compiles results from these surveys and provides suggestions to supervisors about how to deal with employees who are underperforming. Shania's work primarily involves which area of emphasis? A) selection B) organizational development C) performance appraisal D) quality of work life
C) performance appraisal
Shuo, an I/O psychologist who works at a large corporation, is in charge of performance management. Which activity would Shuo be most likely to engage in?
A) developing an intervention to redesign the organization’s structure
B) training new employees on how to do their jobs
C) designing a performance appraisal measure for managers to use on their subordinates
D) assessing employee satisfaction
C) designing a performance appraisal measure for managers to use on their subordinates
I/O psychologists who are mainly concerned with the measurement and improvement of job-related attitudes work in the area known as:
A) performance appraisal.
B) quality of work life.
C) consumer psychology.
D) organizational development
B) quality of work life.
One major area that I/O psychologists focus on in their work is quality of work life. Which of these is the BEST definition of what this work might involve?
A) These psychologists counsel employees and give them advice on how to deal with problems in their work lives.
B) These psychologists work with employees to help them deal with problems in their personal lives.
C) These psychologists assess whether employees are satisfied with their jobs.
D) These psychologists ensure that managers are using fair measures to assess employee performance.
C) These psychologists assess whether employees are satisfied with their jobs.
On December 20, 1901, which person gave a speech on the psychological aspects of advertising that marked the beginning of I/O psychology? A) Walter Dill Scott B) Kurt Lewin C) Laura Koppes D) Richard Hackman
A) Walter Dill Scott
Who wrote the book The Theory of Advertising? A) Kurt Lewin B) Hugo Munsterberg C) Walter Dill Scott D) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Walter Dill Scott
Which book was written by Hugo Munsterberg? A) The Theory of Advertising B) Psychology and Industrial Efficiency C) The Psychology of Management D) The DSM-IV
B) Psychology and Industrial Efficiency
According to Moore and Hartmann, I/O psychology in Europe:
A) did not start developing until the 1950s.
B) developed earlier and faster than it did in the United States.
C) suffered from a lack of financial and governmental support.
D) was hampered by researchers refusing to collaborate with one another.
B) developed earlier and faster than it did in the United States.
During World War I, the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests differed from previous intelligence tests in that they:
A) were composed of multiple-choice questions and could be administered in groups.
B) were meant to be administered to one individual at a time.
C) rewarded employees for higher levels of intelligence.
D) were used to assess personality.
A) were composed of multiple-choice questions and could be administered in groups.
The Army Alpha test:
A) helped determine which soldiers were too traumatized for active duty.
B) was used to determine which soldiers had the mental toughness to be successful spies.
C) was a mental ability test that helped the army select and place military personnel.
D) was a physical ability test that all military personnel had to pass to be considered for combat duty.
C) was a mental ability test that helped the army select and place military personnel.
The first PhD in industrial psychology was earned by _____ in 1921.
A) Bruce V. Moore
B) Walter Dill Scott
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Lillian Gilbreth
A) Bruce V. Moore
During which time period did I/O psychology begin to expand beyond the academic and military realms into government and private industry? A) pre-World War I B) from World War I through the 1920s C) from World War II to the mid-1960s D) from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s
B) from World War I through the 1920s
