CHAPTER 14: Organizational Theory and Development

Question 1

Organizational theory is a set of propositions that explains or predicts:

A)which organizations are apt to make the most money.
B)how hierarchical structure predicts dysfunction in an organization.
C)how groups and individuals behave in different organizational structures.
D)how humans tend to naturally arrange themselves into groups.

Answer 1

C)how groups and individuals behave in different organizational structures.

Question 2

One of the tenets of classical organizational theory is that:

A)scientific analysis will identify the one best way to organize for production.
B)organizations exist for humanitarian reasons.
C)employee empowerment maximizes productivity.
D)economic principles are irrational.

Answer 2

A)scientific analysis will identify the one best way to organize for production.

Question 3

One of the tenets of classical organizational theory is that:

A)scientific analysis will identify several effective ways to accomplish productivity goals.
B)organizations exist to accomplish productivity goals.
C)employee satisfaction maximizes the bottom line.
D)economic principles are irrelevant to organizations.

Answer 3

B)organizations exist to accomplish productivity goals.

Question 4

One of the tenets of classical organizational theory is that:

A)empiricism has no bearing on how organizations work.
B)organizations exist to ensure that humans feel fulfilled and part of something larger.
C)employees can determine the best approach to work on their own.
D)people and organizations can be guided by rational economic principles.

Answer 4

D)people and organizations can be guided by rational economic principles.

Question 5

Who developed the school of thought known as Scientific Management?

A)Max Weber
B)D. M. McGregor
C)Frederick Taylor
D)Michael Hitt

Answer 5

C)Frederick Taylor

Question 6

Taylor’s theory of Scientific Management compared organizations to a:

A)web.
B)terrarium.
C)football team.
D)machine.

Answer 6

D)machine.

Question 7

Scientific Management might examine variables such as:

A)light and temperature.
B)friendship and support.
C)leadership and motivation.
D)reaction times and cognition.

Answer 7

A)light and temperature.

Question 8

Taylorism suggests that:

A)anyone can complete a job if it is broken down into simple tasks.
B)there is one best way to get a job done.
C)any job can be satisfying with good leadership.
D)small teams are more efficient than large teams.

Answer 8

B)there is one best way to get a job done.

Question 9

Which school of thought was based on the notion that there is one best way to get the job done?

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)open-system theory
D)Scientific Management

Answer 9

D)Scientific Management

Question 10

What is the first step of the Scientific Management process?

A)gathering data from workers
B)combining data collection and training to create efficiency
C)selecting and training workers
D)redistributing work

Answer 10

A)gathering data from workers

Question 11

What is the final step of the Scientific Management process?

A)gathering data from workers
B)combining data collection and training to create efficiency
C)selecting and training workers
D)redistributing work

Answer 11

D)redistributing work

Question 12

_____ studied organizations and developed the idea of bureaucracy in organizations.

A)Max Weber
B)Frederick Taylor
C)D. M. McGregor
D)Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn

Answer 12

A)Max Weber

Question 13

Bureaucratic organizations engage in _____ to avoid asking people to perform tasks requiring skills they do not have.

A)centralized decision-making
B)divisions of labor
C)spans of control
D)negative entropy

Answer 13

B)divisions of labor

Question 14

Bureaucracies aim to find just the right number of subordinates who report to a given supervisor. This is known as:

A)standardization of teams.
B)division of labor.
C)centralized decision-making.
D)span of control.

Answer 14

D)span of control.

Question 15

The four features of a bureaucratic organization are: division of labor, top-down pyramid hierarchy, delegation of authority, and:

A)gainsharing.
B)appreciative inquiry.
C)span of control.
D)knowledge management.

Answer 15

C)span of control.

Question 16

The four features of a bureaucratic organization are: span of control, top-down pyramid hierarchy, division of labor, and:

A)culture change.
B)delegation of authority.
C)reengineering.
D)sensemaking.

Answer 16

B)delegation of authority.

Question 17

The four features of a bureaucratic organization are: division of labor, span of control, delegation of authority, and:

A)sensemaking.
B)appreciative inquiry.
C)knowledge management.
D)top-down pyramid hierarchy.

Answer 17

D)top-down pyramid hierarchy.

Question 18

Brian is a manager who tries to take charge of everything rather than delegating work to his subordinates and holding them responsible for their work. Brian is most likely a(n):

A)change agent.
B)interventionist.
C)micro-manager.
D)sensemaker.

Answer 18

C)micro-manager.

Question 19

Katz and Kahn (1978) introduced two additional issues into Weberian bureaucracy: standardization of tasks and:

A)division of labor.
B)appreciative inquiry.
C)span of control.
D)centralized decision-making.

Answer 19

D)centralized decision-making.

Question 20

Katz and Kahn (1978) introduced two additional issues into Weberian bureaucracy: centralized decision-making and:

A)delegation of authority.
B)negative entropy.
C)span of control.
D)standardization of tasks.

Answer 20

D)standardization of tasks.

Question 21

The theory that introduced employees’ motives, goals, and aspirations, as well as the supervisor-subordinate relationship, into the study of organizations was:

A)humanistic theory.
B)Scientific Management theory.
C)total quality management theory.
D)open-system theory.

Answer 21

A)humanistic theory.

Question 22

_____ developed Theory X and Theory Y.

A)Frederick Taylor
B)Max Weber
C)D. M. McGregor
D)W. Edwards Deming

Answer 22

C)D. M. McGregor

Question 23

The theory that assumes that the average employee is gullible, not very bright, self-centered, and lacks ambition is:

A)open-system theory.
B)bureaucratic theory.
C)Theory X.
D)Theory Y.

Answer 23

C)Theory X.

Question 24

Lexie believes her employees are lazy, and in order to get them to work, she has to supervise them closely and control their behaviors. The theory that best describes Lexie’s management style is:

A)Theory X.
B)Theory Y.
C)Theory Z.
D)Scientific Management.

Answer 24

A)Theory X.

Question 25

Bertram believes that his employees can be effective if he finds ways to give them responsibility and help them work toward goals. Bertram’s approach to management is best described by:

A)Scientific Management.
B)Theory X.
C)Theory Y.
D)bureaucratic theory.

Answer 25

A)Scientific Management.

Question 26

Ellyn believes that her employees have a strong capacity for assuming responsibility for their work; Gino believes that his workers are lazy and must be supervised at all times. Ellyn subscribes to _____, while Gino subscribes to _____.

A)Theory X; Theory Y
B)Theory Y; Theory X
C)negative entropy; equifinality
D)equifinality; negative entropy

Answer 26

B)Theory Y; Theory X

Question 27

Which assumption would be held by an organization that subscribes to a Theory Y orientation?

A)The average employee is indifferent to organizational needs.
B)Employees have become passive and resistant as a result of their experience within organizations.
C)The average employee dislikes responsibility.
D)Management of employees requires modifying their behavior to fit the needs of the organization.

Answer 27

B)Employees have become passive and resistant as a result of their experience within organizations.

Question 28

Which researchers are credited with the development of open-system theory?

A)Frederick Taylor and Michael DeVader
B)D. M. McGregor and Kevin Ford
C)Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn
D)Robert Lord and Christy DeVader

Answer 28

C)Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn

Question 29

In contrast to _____, which asserts that there is one best way to do something, _____ and the concept of equifinality suggest that there are many ways to reach the same end result.

A)open-systems theory; Scientific Management
B)Theory X; Scientific Management
C)Scientific Management; Theory X
D)Scientific Management; open-systems theory

Answer 29

D)Scientific Management; open-systems theory

Question 30

Which open-system principle refers to an organization’s avoidance of movement toward death by continuing to import energy from outside its system?

A)differentiation
B)equifinality
C)negative entropy
D)steady state

Answer 30

C)negative entropy

Question 31

Katz and Kahn’s (1978) open-system theory is based on which discipline’s principles?

A)biology
B)philosophy
C)physics
D)economics

Answer 31

A)biology

Question 32

According to open-system theory, _____ is the ability of a system to reach the same end state in different ways.

A)differentiation
B)equifinality
C)negative entropy
D)positive entropy

Answer 32

B)equifinality

Question 33

Which of these is an important characteristic shared by organizational development (OD) programs?

A)top management support
B)short-term processes
C)limited involvement
D)centralized decision-making

Answer 33

A) top management support

Question 34

Which of these is an important characteristic shared by organizational development (OD) programs?

A)They are supported and initiated by top management.
B)They involve a short-term process.
C)They involve only the CEO.
D)They focus on the importance of having a strong hierarchy.

Answer 34

A)They are supported and initiated by top management.

Question 35

According to Michael Hitt, a major change that successful companies will have to navigate through in the new millennium involves:

A)a manufacturing focus.
B)partial quality management.
C)globalization.
D)culture elimination.

Answer 35

C)globalization.

Question 36

According to Michael Hitt, a major change that successful companies will have to navigate through in the new millennium involves:

A)decrease in diversity.
B)positive entropy
C)egalitarianism
D)technological advances

Answer 36

D)technological advances

Question 37

According to Michael Hitt’s (2000) work on organizational development (OD), which of these is important if a company wants to keep up with the increasingly fast-paced environment?

A)an increased reliance on automatic routines
B)creative and well-trained employees
C)greater secretiveness within work groups
D)managers who work effectively with step-by-step instructions

Answer 37

B)creative and well-trained employees

Question 38

As a result of the technological revolution, in order to thrive, organizations must:

A)employ a larger number of employees.
B)hire a more specialized and less diverse workforce.
C)be more strategically flexible.
D)adhere to business plans that have worked in the past.

Answer 38

C)be more strategically flexible.

Question 39

Which of these is an element of organizational change?

A)change agents
B)sensemaking
C)positive training climates
D)bona fide occupational qualifications

Answer 39

B)sensemaking

Question 40

Theresa, who owns a baby clothing store, has noticed that her customers are requesting products that are environmentally friendly. She initiates a new program in which she rewards employees for identifying promising new products they should carry in the store. In this case, the “change agent” is:

A)Theresa.
B)Theresa’s employees.
C)the reward program Theresa has designed.
D)future customers of the store.

Answer 40

A)Theresa.

Question 41

Liza, who owns a art supply store, has noticed that her customers are requesting products that are environmentally friendly. She initiates a new program in which she rewards employees for identifying promising new products they should carry in the store. In this case, the “client” is:

A)Liza.
B)Liza’s employees.
C)the reward program Liza has designed.
D)future customers of the store.

Answer 41

B)Liza’s employees.

Question 42

Zee, owner of a car repair shop, noticed that female customers were often dissatisfied with the shop’s service because they felt the car mechanics didn’t clearly explain what the problem was with their cars. As a result, Zee now provides the mechanics with a checklist they must go through when they talk with clients. He uses the completed checklists to help evaluate mechanic performance. In this case, the “intervention” is:

A)Zee.
B)the car mechanics.
C)the checklist procedure Zee designed.
D)Zee’s customers.

Answer 42

C)the checklist procedure Zee designed.

Question 43

_____ characterized change as a matter of modifying those forces that are acting to keep things stable.

A)Kurt Lewin
B)Jerry Porras
C)D. M. McGregor
D)W. Edwards Deming

Answer 43

A)Kurt Lewin

Question 44

According to Lewin’s change model, the first step in the change process is:

A)changing.
B)unfreezing.
C)moving.
D)refreezing

Answer 44

D)refreezing

Question 45

According to Lewin’s change model, the final step in the change process is:

A)moving.
B)unfreezing.
C)changing.
D)refreezing.

Answer 45

D)refreezing.

Question 46

Nevaeh manages a home décor store. Last year, she noticed that her employees were treating customers disdainfully. She subsequently fired the employees who demonstrated poor customer service and promoted those who provided good service. Now, good customer service is something that employees do naturally and automatically. According to Lewin’s change model, Nevaeh’s store is at what step?

A)refreezing
B)moving
C)changing
D)unfreezing

Answer 46

A)refreezing

Question 47

According to Lewin’s change model, the step in the change process when real organizational change begins to happen is referred to as:

A)unfreezing.
B)changing.
C)moving.
D)refreezing.

Answer 47

C)moving.

Question 48

Which of these would likely be a goal of team building?

A)improving supervisor-subordinate relations
B)eliminating team member responsibilities
C)hearing the company mission from the CEO
D)involving employees in making quality improvements within the organization

Answer 48

A)improving supervisor-subordinate relations

Question 49

To improve the team performance of the employees in an organization, the employer is planning to implement team building. According to research, to increase the impact of team building on team performance, the employer should:

A)combine the team building with another organizational development (OD) intervention.
B)measure performance based on individual contributions.
C)give the Baldrige Award to a team member.
D)discourage team members from engaging in sensemaking.

Answer 49

A)combine the team building with another organizational development (OD) intervention.

Question 50

The organizational development intervention that involves increasing employee involvement in production processes is known as:

A)team building.
B)total quality management.
C)gainsharing.
D)technostructural interventions.

Answer 50

B)total quality management.

Question 51

The first step of total quality management focuses on identifying problems that reflect a low-quality product or service. This step is:

A)output variation control.
B)experiential training.
C)self-comparison analysis.
D)statistical process control.

Answer 51

D)statistical process control.

Question 52

According to research on total quality management (TQM), a study of semiconductor plants in Malaysia found that implementing TQM practices increased employees’:

A)quantity and quality of output.
B)empowerment and job involvement.
C)knowledge of the organization.
D)mistakes on the manufacturing line.

Answer 52

B)empowerment and job involvement.

Question 53

In the third stage of the total management quality (TQM) process, employees identify areas in which their department deviates from quality standards. These deviations are known as:

A)statistical process controls.
B)change agents.
C)output variations.
D)flow anomalies.

Answer 53

C)output variations.

Question 54

A major criticism of total quality management (TQM) is that it:

A)overlooks the consequences of change.
B)fails to properly operationalize success.
C)is too complex to implement in most organizations.
D)fails to determine whether it is effective in comparison to competitors.

Answer 54

C)is too complex to implement in most organizations.

Question 55

The organizational development (OD) intervention that involves paying employees a bonus based on improvements in productivity is known as:

A)technostructural intervention.
B)gainsharing.
C)total quality management.
D)reengineering.

Answer 55

B) gainsharing.

Question 56

Which of these is a common component of most gainsharing plans?

A)hierarchical structure
B)bonus pool
C)systematic data collection
D)on-the-job training

Answer 56

B)bonus pool

Question 57

Which of these principles is key to the success of a gainsharing program?

A)perceptions of transformational leadership
B)perceptions of justice and fairness
C)aspects of Maslow’s hierarchy
D)aspects of BARS and performance appraisal

Answer 57

B)perceptions of justice and fairness

Question 58

The most basic organizational structural design is referred to as _____ organizational design.

A)functional
B)productive
C)a matrix
D)simple

Answer 58

A)functional

Question 59

A functional organization is structured by what:

A)employees do.
B)employees produce.
C)employees do and what employees produce.
D)stakeholders the employees serve.

Answer 59

A)employees do.

Question 60

In terms of advantages, _____ structures help reduce redundancies, while _____ structures help encourage communication and cooperation.

A)matrix; dramatic
B)dramatic; matrix
C)functional; matrix
D)product; functional

Answer 60

C)functional; matrix

Question 61

The organizational design that encourages communication and cooperation between managers, and that maintains consistency among lines and departments, is referred to as a(n):

A)product design.
B)matrix design.
C)open design.
D)functional design.

Answer 61

D)functional design.

Question 62

The _____ element of reengineering involves an examination of what the company does and why.

A)radical
B)dramatic
C)fundamental
D)processes

Answer 62

C)fundamental

Question 63

The _____ element of reengineering involves a focus on making striking performance improvements rather than only slight performance improvements.

A)radical
B)dramatic
C)fundamental
D)game-changing

Answer 63

B)dramatic

Question 64

The _____ element of reengineering involves a focus on making far-reaching organizational changes rather than superficial changes.

A)radical
B)dramatic
C)differentiation
D)fundamental

Answer 64

A)radical

Question 65

Which of these is an element of reengineering?

A)the elemental element
B)the dramatic element
C)the conservative element
D)the sensemaking element

Answer 65

B)the dramatic element

Question 66

The organizational development technique that involves focusing on positive messages, the best of what employees have to offer, and the affirmation of past and present strengths and successes is:

A)survey feedback.
B)gainsharing.
C)team building.
D)appreciative inquiry.

Answer 66

D)appreciative inquiry.

Question 67

Creating a new vision for an organization is the focus of the organizational development intervention referred to as:

A)appreciative inquiry.
B)transformation.
C)positive psychology.
D)positive entropy.

Answer 67

B)transformation.

Question 68

An unintended consequence of culture change resulting from organizational transformation is:

A)cultural erosion.
B)behavioral ambiguity.
C)paradigm alignment.
D)vision reactance.

Answer 68

A)cultural erosion.

Question 69

Which of these is a determinant of successful culture change?

A)a lack of a new strategy
B)support of top management
C)a lack of supportive systems
D)the assigning of a chief knowledge officer

Answer 69

B)support of top management

Question 70

Which of these is an approach to organizational transformation?

A)reengineering
B)knowledge management
C)pop psychology
D)information technology

Answer 70

B)knowledge management

Question 71

Which of these is characteristic of learning organizations?

A)gainsharing
B)transactional leadership
C)HR system that rewards continuous learning
D)appreciative inquiry

Answer 71

C)HR system that rewards continuous learning

Question 72

One of the tenets of classical organizational theory is that:

A)specialization and the division of labor maximize production.
B)organizations exist to ensure that humans feel fulfilled and part of something larger.
C)employees can determine the best approach to work on their own.
D)requiring all workers to cross-train will maximize production.

Answer 72

A)specialization and the division of labor maximize production.

Question 73

In one example of Scientific Management, Taylor helped improve coal workers’ yield by:

A)creating a weightlifting program to make workers stronger.
B)creating a leadership training program to help managers better lead their employees.
C)designing a shovel that held the optimum amount of coal for shoveling efficiency.
D)designing a teamwork program that helped employees communicate better.

Answer 73

C)designing a shovel that held the optimum amount of coal for shoveling efficiency.

Question 74

The four features of a bureaucratic organization are: top-down pyramid hierarchy, span of control, delegation of authority, and:

A)gainsharing.
B)appreciative inquiry.
C)knowledge management.
D) division of labour

Answer 74

D) division of labour

Question 75

What is one critique that modern theorists have regarding Scientific Management and bureaucracies?

A)They lack a clear structure and often lead to disorganization.
B)They are ineffective for organizations operating in rapidly changing environments.
C)Structuring the work this way can lead to high variety and can be too challenging for employees.
D)It lacks a clear hierarchy, so employees may struggle with role clarity.

Answer 75

B)They are ineffective for organizations operating in rapidly changing environments.

Question 76

McGregor suggested that Theory X was a self-fulfilling prophecy. This means that:

A)employees who are treated as though they are selfish and lazy will begin to conform to this expectation.
B)an effective manager should be able to anticipate how employees will react to a change in organizational policy.
C)employees will be motivated by harsh treatment from a boss.
D)managers should not concern themselves with the economic well-being of the organization, because they cannot influence outcomes such as revenue.

Answer 76

A)employees who are treated as though they are selfish and lazy will begin to conform to this expectation.

Question 77

Open systems that are characterized by a balance in energy exchange are known as:

A)equifinality.
B)differentiated.
C)steady state.
D)entropic.

Answer 77

C)steady state.

Question 78

The open-system theory cycle includes these three components:

A)Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
B)inputs, throughputs, and outputs.
C)change agents, clients, and resistance.
D)unfreezing, moving, and refreezing

Answer 78

B)inputs, throughputs, and outputs.

Question 79

When open systems move toward more specialized functions, this is known as:

A)steady state.
B)entropy.
C)differentiation.
D)equifinality.

Answer 79

C)differentiation.

Question 80

A study by Furst and Cable (2008) suggests that when employees experience _____, they tend not to be resistant to change.

A)high LMX.
B)transactional leadership.
C)Theory X leadership.
D)coercive leadership.

Answer 80

A)high LMX.

Question 81

Research on how employees react to organizational change has emphasized the importance of _____ skills and emotional reactions in coming to terms with change.

A)critical thinking
B)tactical
C)mathematical
D)coping

Answer 81

D)coping

Question 82

The individual who initiates a change process is the:

A)client.
B)change agent.
C)intervention.
D)knowledge manager.

Answer 82

B)change agent.

Question 83

The recipient of an organizational change effort is the:

A)client.
B)change agent.
C)intervention agent.
D)knowledge manager.

Answer 83

A)client.

Question 84

The program or initiative that is suggested or implemented is the:

A)client.
B)change agent.
C)intervention.
D)appreciative inquiry.

Answer 84

C)intervention.

Question 85

Sometimes, clients will create obstacles aimed at preventing a change. This is known as:

A)negative entropy.
B)resistance.
C)equifinality.
D)differentiation.

Answer 85

B)resistance

Question 86

Daya is a manager in a bar. She believes the bar culture has led employees to treat customers disdainfully. She tells her servers that from now on, they are expected to greet customers immediately and get them a drink even if they are seated in someone else’s section. Employees are starting to do this. They sometimes forget, but many of them are finding that this change has an effect on customer satisfaction and the tip amount. According to Lewin’s change model, Daya’s servers are at what step?

A)refreezing
B)changing
C)unfreezing
D)moving

Answer 86

B)changing

Question 87

Which of these is the last step in survey feedback?

A)administering an anonymous survey to top management
B)administering an anonymous survey to the target department
C)hosting a meeting at which employees and managers identify potential changes
D)requesting that top management support and actively participate in the survey process

Answer 87

C)hosting a meeting at which employees and managers identify potential changes

Question 88

In the fourth and final stage of the total management quality (TQM) process, the organization compares its effectiveness to:

A)their performance levels prior to the intervention.
B)competitors who have a very high level of performance.
C)competitors who have a very low level of performance.
D)their projected performance in the next 12 months.

Answer 88

D)their projected performance in the next 12 months.

Question 89

A major criticism of total quality management (TQM) is that it:

A)overlooks the social and political conditions in the organization.
B)fails to properly operationalize success.
C)is too complex to implement in most organizations.
D)fails to determine whether it is effective in comparison to competitors

Answer 89

A) overlooks the social and political conditions in the organization.

Question 90

Matrix organizational designs combine _____ organizational designs and _____ organizational designs.

A)product-based; functional
B)product-based; open
C)functional; open
D)functional; bureaucratic

Answer 90

A)product-based; functional

Question 91

Ollie works at a company that manufactures cars. He works under the Vice President of manufacturing, while one of his best friends works under the Vice President of finance. Ollie most likely works in a company that uses:

A)product-based organizational design.
B)bureaucratic organizational design.
C)open organizational design.
D)functional organizational design.

Answer 91

D)functional organizational design.

Question 92

Rayne works at a company that designs makeup products. She works in the Mascara Marketing division. This means that she works under a VP of marketing, and she also works under a manager who coordinates everything about the mascara the company produces (including the manufacture, marketing, and development of the product). Rayne most likely works in a company that uses:

A)product-based organizational design.
B)matrix organizational design.
C)open organizational design.
D)functional organizational design.

Answer 92

B)matrix organizational design.

Question 93

The study of the strengths and virtues of individuals and institutions is known as:

A)pop psychology.
B)positive psychology.
C)advantage assessment.
D)appreciative assessment.

Answer 93

B)positive psychology.

Question 94

The first step in appreciative inquiry, where the organization uses questioning to determine the strengths of the organization and its people, is:

A)design.
B)destiny.
C)discovery.
D)dream.

Answer 94

C)discovery.

Question 95

The second step in appreciative inquiry, where information is used to arrive at a vision statement, is:

A)design.
B)destiny.
C)discovery.
D)dream.

Answer 95

D)dream.

Question 96

The third step in appreciative inquiry, where the organization creates innovative ways to identify where the organization should be going, is:

A)design.
B)destiny.
C)discovery.
D)dream.

Answer 96

A)design.

Question 97

The theory that assumes that the average employee is passive because of past experiences in workplaces and has the capacity to be motivated if he or she is developed by a leader is:

A)open-system theory.
B)bureaucratic theory.
C)Theory X.
D)Theory Y.

Answer 97

D)Theory Y.

Question 98

Which is NOT one of the four basic tenets of classical organizational theory?

a. Organizations exist for economic reasons and to accomplish productivity goals.
b. Scientific analysis will identify the one best way to organize for production.
c. Effective management of small goals.
d. Specialization and the division of labor maximize production.

Answer 98

c. Effective management of small goals.

Question 99

Each job in a _____ organization is a specialized position with its own set of responsibilities and duties.

a. bureaucratic
b. democratic
c. pyramidal
d. centralized

Answer 99

a. bureaucratic

Question 100

A(n) _____ is an individual who initiates the change process in an organization.

a. client
b. diversity specialist
c. intervention specialist
d. change agent

Answer 100

d. change agent

Question 101

A(n) _____ is a program or initiative that is suggested or implemented by the change agent in an organizational change effort.

a. development plan
b. intervention
c. interdepartmental change
d. reorganization

Answer 101

b. intervention

Question 102

Outdoor experiential training (OET) is a newer approach to _____ that makes use of the outdoors.

a. agile development
b. process improvement
c. organizational feedback
d. team building

Answer 102

d. team building

Question 103

_____ try to take charge of everything that goes on in the organization rather than holding employees responsible for individual tasks.

a. Upper-level managers
b. Middle managers
c. Micro-managers
d. Control managers

Answer 103

c. Micro-managers

Question 104

Organizational _____ refers to the ability of an organization to compete in both mature markets and new markets.

a. ambiguity
b. ambidexterity
c. fluidity
d. technology

Answer 104

b. ambidexterity

Question 105

The major characteristic of the action research model is its _____ nature.

a. linear
b. longitudinal
c. perceptive
d. cyclical

Answer 105

d. cyclical

Question 106

The process whereby employees exert effort to interpret and understand work-related events is called:

a. change.
b. reorganization.
c. sensemaking.
d. research.

Answer 106

c. sensemaking.

Question 107

Outdoor experiential training (OET) is a newer approach to _____ that makes use of the outdoors.

a. agile development
b. process improvement
c. organizational feedback
d. team building

Answer 107

d. team building

Question 108

As a part of total quality management, _____ variations are examined, corrected, and brought within the range of acceptable quality.

a. output
b. marketing
c. initiative
d. financial

Answer 108

a. output

Question 109

Which is NOT one of the four elements of reengineering?

a. Fundamental element
b. Radical element
c. Dramatic element
d. Informational element

Answer 109

d. Informational element

Question 110

The alteration of a pattern of beliefs, values, norms, and expectations shared by organizational members is called _____ change.

a. instrumental
b. culture
c. executive
d .behavioral

Answer 110

b. culture