Chapter 9;Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 0

Sexual reproduction

Answer 0

Process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all genetic material from one parent

Question 2

Chromatin

Answer 2

Combination of DNA and protein molecules in the form of long thin fibers, making up genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide

Question 4

Sister chromatid

Answer 4

One of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides

Question 5

Centromere

Answer 5

Region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together

Question 6

Cell cycle

Answer 6

Sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces

Question 7

Interphase

Answer 7

Stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body

Question 8

Mitotic phase

Answer 8

Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

Process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Process by which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided in two

Question 11

Spindle

Answer 11

Framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Question 12

Centrosome

Answer 12

Region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contain structures called centrioles

Question 13

Cell plate

Answer 13

Disk containing cell wall material that develops in plant cells during cytokinesis

Question 14

Benign tumor

Answer 14

Mass of cells that remain at their original site and are ultimately harmless

Question 15

Malignant tumor

Answer 15

Mass of abnormal cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division

Question 16

Cancer

Answer 16

Disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle

Question 17

Metastasis

Answer 17

Spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body

Question 18

Radiation therapy

Answer 18

When parts of the body with cancerous tumors are exposed to high energy radiation

Question 19

Chemotherapy

Answer 19

Treating the patient with drugs that disrupt cell division

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

Type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes the parent cell

Question 21

Karyotype

Answer 21

Display of a persons 46 chromosomes

Question 22

Homologous chromosome

Answer 22

One of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

Question 23

Sex chromosome

Answer 23

One of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes;determine an individual’s gender

Question 24

Diploid

Answer 24

Having two homologous sets of chromosomes

Question 25

Gamete

Answer 25

Egg or sperm cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair

Question 26

Haploid

Answer 26

Having a single set of chromosomes

Question 27

Fertilization

Answer 27

The fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell

Question 28

Zygotes

Answer 28

Diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell

Question 29

Tetrad

Answer 29

Group of four chromatids formed during prophase 1 of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each

Question 30

Crossing over

Answer 30

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 31

Genetic recombination

Answer 31

New combination of genetic information and in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase 1 of meiosis