Chapter 5;The Molecules of Life

Question 0

Inorganic molecule

Answer 0

Non-carbon-based molecule

Question 1

Organic molecule

Answer 1

Carbon-based molecule

Question 2

Functional group

Answer 2

Group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules

Question 3

Hydrophilic

Answer 3

Attracts water molecules

Question 4

Hydrophobic

Answer 4

Avoids water molecules

Question 5

Monomer

Answer 5

Small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule

Question 6

Polymer

Answer 6

Long chain of small molecular units

Question 7

Dehydration reaction

Answer 7

When a monomer is added to a polymer chain, water molecules are released

Question 8

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 8

When water is added to a polymer chain to break down the polymer

Question 9

Carbohydrate

Answer 9

Organic compound made of sugar molecules

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

Sugar containing one sugar unit

Question 11

Disaccharide

Answer 11

Sugar containing two monosaccharides

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

Long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers

Question 13

Starch

Answer 13

Polysaccharide in plants cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers

Question 15

Cellulose

Answer 15

Polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant cell walls

Question 16

Lipid

Answer 16

One of a class of water-avoiding compounds

Question 17

Fat

Answer 17

Organic compound consisting of a three carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids

Question 18

Saturated fat

Answer 18

Fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

Question 19

Unsaturated fat

Answer 19

Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains

Question 20

Steroid

Answer 20

Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

Question 21

Cholesterol

Answer 21

Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of amino acid

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

Polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers

Question 23

Amino acid

Answer 23

Monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups

Question 24

Polypeptide

Answer 24

Chain of linked amino acids

Question 25

Denaturation

Answer 25

Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factors

Question 26

Activation energy

Answer 26

Minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction

Question 27

Catalyst

Answer 27

Agent that speeds up chemical reactions

Question 28

Enzyme

Answer 28

Specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell

Question 29

Substrate

Answer 29

Specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

Question 30

Active site

Answer 30

Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits