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Biology > Chapter 5;The Molecules of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 5;The Molecules of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Inorganic molecule

A

Non-carbon-based molecule

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1
Q

Organic molecule

A

Carbon-based molecule

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2
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules

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3
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracts water molecules

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4
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Avoids water molecules

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5
Q

Monomer

A

Small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule

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6
Q

Polymer

A

Long chain of small molecular units

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7
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

When a monomer is added to a polymer chain, water molecules are released

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8
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

When water is added to a polymer chain to break down the polymer

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9
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Organic compound made of sugar molecules

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10
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Sugar containing one sugar unit

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11
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sugar containing two monosaccharides

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12
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers

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13
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide in plants cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers

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14
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers

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15
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant cell walls

16
Q

Lipid

A

One of a class of water-avoiding compounds

17
Q

Fat

A

Organic compound consisting of a three carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids

18
Q

Saturated fat

A

Fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

19
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains

20
Q

Steroid

A

Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

21
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of amino acid

22
Q

Protein

A

Polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers

23
Q

Amino acid

A

Monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups

24
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chain of linked amino acids

25
Q

Denaturation

A

Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factors

26
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction

27
Q

Catalyst

A

Agent that speeds up chemical reactions

28
Q

Enzyme

A

Specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell

29
Q

Substrate

A

Specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

30
Q

Active site

A

Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits

Biology (7 decks)

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