Chapter 9. Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory Flashcards
It is the third force in psychology.
humanistic theory
It assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health.
Holistic-Dynamic Theory
Maslow’s View of Motivation
- Maslow adopted a holistic approach to motivation: That is, the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated.
- Motivation is usually complex, meaning that a person’s behavior may spring from several separate motives.
- People are continually motivated by one need or another.
- All people everywhere are motivated by the same
basic needs. - Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy.
This assumes that lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher level needs become motivators.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
The five needs composing this hierarchy are _________, meaning that they have a striving or motivational character.
conative needs
The most basic needs of any person are __________, including food, water, oxygen, maintenance of body temperature, and so on.
physiological needs
When people have partially satisfied their physiological needs, they become motivated by __________.
safety needs
After people partially satisfy their physiological and safety needs, they become motivated by __________________.
love and belongingness needs
To the extent that people satisfy their love and belongingness needs, they are free to pursue __________, which include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem.
esteem needs
After satisfying esteem needs, people are free to proceed to the next level which is _________.
self-actualization
True or False. Not all people can self-actualize.
True
Why some people step over the threshold from esteem to self-actualization and others do not is a matter of whether or not they embrace the _______.
B-values
4 dimensions of needs:
- conative (willful striving)
- aesthetic (the need for order and beauty)
- cognitive (the need for curiosity and knowledge)
- neurotic (an unproductive pattern of relating to other people)
5 conative needs:
- physiological
- safety
- love and belongingness
- esteem
- self-actualization
True or False. Occasionally, needs on the hierarchy can be reversed, and they are frequently unconscious.
True
This is motivated and is directed toward the satisfaction of basic needs.
Coping behavior
It has a cause but is not motivated; it is simply one’s
way of expressing oneself.
Expressive behavior
True or False. Conative needs, including self-actualization, are instinctoid.
True
This means that deprivation of a certain need leads to pathology.
instinctoid
The frustration of self-actualization needs results in _________ and a rejection of the B-values.
metapathology
It is the criterion that separates self-actualizing people from those who are merely healthy but mired at the level of esteem.
acceptance of the B-values
The characteristics of self-actualizers include:
1) a more efficient perception of reality
2) acceptance of self, others, and nature
3) spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
4) a problem-centered approach to life
5) the need for privacy
6) autonomy
7) freshness of appreciation
8) peak experiences
9) social interest
10) profound interpersonal relations
11) a democratic attitude
12) the ability to discriminate means from ends
13) a philosophical sense of humor
14) creativeness
15) resistance to enculturation.
In his philosophy of science, Maslow argued for a __________, one that is noninterfering, passive, receptive, and subjective.
Taoistic attitude
It is a standardized test designed to measure self-actualizing values and behavior.
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
The fear of being or doing one’s best.
Jonah complex
True or False. Psychotherapy should be directed at the need level currently being thwarted, in most cases love and belongingness needs.
True
True or False. Similar to conative needs, aesthetic needs are also universal.
False. Aesthetic needs are NOT universal.
True or False. People with strong aesthetic needs desire beautiful and orderly surroundings, and when these needs are not met, they become sick in the same way that they become sick when their conative needs are frustrated.
True
Most people have a desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, and to be curious. What dimension of need is described?
cognitive needs
True or False. Neurotic needs lead only to stagnation and pathology.
True
They perpetuate an unhealthy
style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization.
neurotic needs
They serve as compensation for unsatisfied basic needs.
neurotic needs
Maslow (1970) estimated that the hypothetical average person has his or her needs satisfied to approximately these levels:
physiological-85% safety-70% love and belongingness-50% esteem-40% self-actualization-10%.
All are examples of B-values; except
a. truth
b. self-contempt
c. humor
d. beauty
b. self-contempt
