Chapter 9. Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 1

It is the third force in psychology.

Answer 1

humanistic theory

Question 2

It assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health.

Answer 2

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 3

Maslow’s View of Motivation

Answer 3

1. Maslow adopted a holistic approach to motivation: That is, the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated.
2. Motivation is usually complex, meaning that a person’s behavior may spring from several separate motives.
3. People are continually motivated by one need or another.
4. All people everywhere are motivated by the same
   basic needs.
5. Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy.

Question 4

This assumes that lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher level needs become motivators.

Answer 4

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 5

The five needs composing this hierarchy are _________, meaning that they have a striving or motivational character.

Answer 5

conative needs

Question 6

The most basic needs of any person are __________, including food, water, oxygen, maintenance of body temperature, and so on.

Answer 6

physiological needs

Question 7

When people have partially satisfied their physiological needs, they become motivated by __________.

Answer 7

safety needs

Question 8

After people partially satisfy their physiological and safety needs, they become motivated by __________________.

Answer 8

love and belongingness needs

Question 9

To the extent that people satisfy their love and belongingness needs, they are free to pursue __________, which include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem.

Answer 9

esteem needs

Question 10

After satisfying esteem needs, people are free to proceed to the next level which is _________.

Answer 10

self-actualization

Question 11

True or False. Not all people can self-actualize.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Why some people step over the threshold from esteem to self-actualization and others do not is a matter of whether or not they embrace the _______.

Answer 12

B-values

Question 13

4 dimensions of needs:

Answer 13

1. conative (willful striving)
2. aesthetic (the need for order and beauty)
3. cognitive (the need for curiosity and knowledge)
4. neurotic (an unproductive pattern of relating to other people)

Question 14

5 conative needs:

Answer 14

1. physiological
2. safety
3. love and belongingness
4. esteem
5. self-actualization

Question 15

True or False. Occasionally, needs on the hierarchy can be reversed, and they are frequently unconscious.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

This is motivated and is directed toward the satisfaction of basic needs.

Answer 16

Coping behavior

Question 17

It has a cause but is not motivated; it is simply one’s

way of expressing oneself.

Answer 17

Expressive behavior

Question 18

True or False. Conative needs, including self-actualization, are instinctoid.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

This means that deprivation of a certain need leads to pathology.

Answer 19

instinctoid

Question 20

The frustration of self-actualization needs results in _________ and a rejection of the B-values.

Answer 20

metapathology

Question 21

It is the criterion that separates self-actualizing people from those who are merely healthy but mired at the level of esteem.

Answer 21

acceptance of the B-values

Question 22

The characteristics of self-actualizers include:

Answer 22

1) a more efficient perception of reality
2) acceptance of self, others, and nature
3) spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
4) a problem-centered approach to life
5) the need for privacy
6) autonomy
7) freshness of appreciation
8) peak experiences
9) social interest
10) profound interpersonal relations
11) a democratic attitude
12) the ability to discriminate means from ends
13) a philosophical sense of humor
14) creativeness
15) resistance to enculturation.

Question 23

In his philosophy of science, Maslow argued for a __________, one that is noninterfering, passive, receptive, and subjective.

Answer 23

Taoistic attitude

Question 24

It is a standardized test designed to measure self-actualizing values and behavior.

Answer 24

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

Question 25

The fear of being or doing one’s best.

Answer 25

Jonah complex

Question 26

True or False. Psychotherapy should be directed at the need level currently being thwarted, in most cases love and belongingness needs.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False. Similar to conative needs, aesthetic needs are also universal.

Answer 27

False. Aesthetic needs are NOT universal.

Question 28

True or False. People with strong aesthetic needs desire beautiful and orderly surroundings, and when these needs are not met, they become sick in the same way that they become sick when their conative needs are frustrated.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Most people have a desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, and to be curious. What dimension of need is described?

Answer 29

cognitive needs

Question 30

True or False. Neurotic needs lead only to stagnation and pathology.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

They perpetuate an unhealthy

style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization.

Answer 31

neurotic needs

Question 32

They serve as compensation for unsatisfied basic needs.

Answer 32

neurotic needs

Question 33

Maslow (1970) estimated that the hypothetical average person has his or her needs satisfied to approximately these levels:

Answer 33

physiological-85%
safety-70%
love and belongingness-50%
esteem-40%
self-actualization-10%.

Question 34

All are examples of B-values; except

a. truth
b. self-contempt
c. humor
d. beauty

Answer 34

b. self-contempt