Chapter 9: Long Parliament Flashcards
When were Laud and Wentworth impeached?
November 1640
Why was wentworth impeached by Parliament?
3
- He was a scapegoat, they went after councillors instead of Charles
- For his role in the Irish Rebellion
- He was raising money for war against the Scots
Why did Parliament bring in the Bill of Attainder when during wentworths impeachment?
He was very good at defending himself
What was the Bill of Attainder (Wentworth)?
Stated that if someone was a threat to the state they could be impeached without formal trial
what was the impact of wentworths impeachment?
What to do with him after?
It divided Parliament
-Some moderates believed he just needed to imprisoned and some wanted him executed
When did the long parliament begin?
3rd November 1640
When was Bedford’s proposed financial settlement?
February 1641
What was Bedford’s proposed financial settlement?
Brief
Earl of Bedford’s scheme to reform Crown finances by bridging gap between Crown and Parliament
What was on Bedford’s proposed financial settlement?
4
- Abolition of confrontational financial and politica aspects of personal rule
- Return to elizabethan-based broad Protestant church
- Separate financial settlement for charles
- Proposed he become Lord Treasurer and Pym become Chancellor of the Exchequer
What stopped Bedford’s proposed financial settlement from passing?
2
- Charles was reluctant to compromise
- Bedford died in may 1641
When was the Triennial Act?
15th February 1641
What was the Trennial Act?
3
ship money?
Parliament?
- Abolished ship money w/o parliament’s consent
- Stated that Charles had to call a parliament every 3 years and each should last for minimum 50 days
- If he didn’t parliament would assemble anyway
What was the impact of the Triennial Act?
No more prolonged periods of personal rule
When was the Root and Branch Petition?
March 1641
What was the root and branch petition?
Who supported it?
What did it demand?
Who signed it?
Pym
Demanded end of bishops and episcopacy
Signed by 15,000 londoners in Dec 1640
What was the impact of the Root and branch petition?
Parliament?
4
Debated in parliament February 1641
- Caused division
- People saw getting rid of structure in the church as undermining the social order
- polarised parliament into two factions
When was the army plot?
3rd May 1641
What was the army plot?
Pym?
3
- Pym revealed rumours of royalist ‘army plot’ to parliament
- attempt of officers to seize the tower of london, release wentworth and dissolve parliament
- believed charles was involved but there was no evidence
What was the impact of the army plot?
Loyalty?
Parliament?
Parliament passed a bill saying that they could not be dissolved without their own consent
- Charles agreed on the 10th may
Protestation oath
When did the london crowd come to defend the tower of london?
May 1641
What did the london crowd do in response to the army plot and was its impact?
- Came out to defend the tower of london
- Shows power and policisation of the people, scared charles
When was the Protestation oath?
3rd May 1641
What was the protestation oath?
Who wrote it?
Everyone over 18 had to swear allegiance to charles and the church of england
Parliament
What was the significance/reasons of the protestation oath?
Wentworth?
Laudianism
Assures that hey are not going against charles in executing wentworth
Allegiance to protestant cofe means they can go against laudianism
When was wentworth executed?
12th May 1641
Charles involvement in wentworths execution?
He had to give his royal assent
-he did so as he feared for his family
What was the impact of wentworths execution?
1
Charles was less willing to negotiate with parliament
When were the ten propositions?
24th June 1641
What were the ten propositions?
3
- Parliament had input into who was in the privy council
- Parliament had control over who was around the queen
- Parliament had control over religious education for royal children
What was the impact/significance of the ten propositions?
1
Parliament were taking control over the king, encroaching on his rights
When was the reaction in scotland?
August 1641
What was the reaction in scotland in August 1641
Why?
What did charles do?
- Many scots felt the radical covenanters had gone too far
- August 1640- 18 scottish nobles signed cumbernauld band stating a desire to defend the king
- Charles accepted abolition of episcopacy in scotland and reforms to compromise
What was the impact of the reaction in scotland?
1
Divisions in scotland
What was the impact of the oct 1641 irish rebellion in england?
Press exaggerated massacres
- Fear of catholicism and invasion of its forces
- radicalised english protestants
When was the ‘incident’?
12th October 1641
What was the ‘incident’?
Who were the instigators?
Royalist plot to kidnap radical scottish covenanters while charles was in scotland
-instigators were extreme royalists and moderate covenanters
What was the impact of the ‘incident’?
1
Charles lost hope of support in scotland as he was linked to the plot
When was the grand remonstrance first discussed?
22nd November 1641
Who wrote the grand remonstrance?
Pym
What was the grand remonstrance?
What was special about it?
Religion
List of grievances and criticisms of Charles entire rule since 1625
Addressed religious concerns and stated that Assmbly of Divines was to be held at Westminster to discuss religious settlement
What was the impact of the grand remonstrance?
Moderates?
5
- Moderates were alarmed by harsh anti-catholic language
- Was seen as a direct attack on charles
- polarised parliament
- Dividing state and religion
- Sidelined religious battle
What was important about the timing of the grand remonstrance?
Timed Just after charles got back from scotland
-to persuade london crowd that charles couldn’t be trusted with an army
When was the militia bill proposed?
December 1641
What was the militia bill?
What did it propose?
-Remove kings power over trained bands (local militia) and give parliament power to appoint commanders
What was the impact of the militia bill?
Charles, constitution?
1
-Charles published his response an declared himself defender of the constitution which won him some favour with constitutional royalists
When were the common elections?
December 1641
What were the common elections?
What did they produce?
2
- Elections for the common council
- Produced a much more radical body willing to organise popular support for pym
What was the impact of the common elections?
1
Bishops?
-Over christmas, pym and radical mp’s used london crowd to put pressure on House of Lords to excude bishops
When was the grand remonstrance passed?
1st December 1641
What was significant about the passing of the grand remonstrance?
2
- Passed with an 11 person majority after 12 hour debate
- Shows division in Parliament
When did charles respond to the grand remonstrance?
23rd December 1641
What was significant about charles’ response to the grand remonstrance?
2
timing?
- Took three weeks, which angered parliament
- Refused to remove bishops
When was the five members coup?
4th January 1642
What was the five members coup?
Who 5?
Events?
2
Charles impeached Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Holles, Strode and Montagu
Charles stormed Parliament to arrest the 5 but they had been warned and weren’t there
What was the impact of the 5 members coup? 4 Pym? Public? Charles?
- Complete failure
- Pym used it as proof of the danger posed
- Popular demonstrations against it
- Charles had to take his family from london to hampton court
When was the exclusion bill passed?
February 1642
What was the exclusion bill?
How was it started?
2
- Stopped bishops sitting in the house of lords
- Petitioning campaign at end of dec. 1641 w/ 30,000 sig
When was the militia bill issued as an ordinance and when was the ordinance passed?
- Feb 1642
- March 1642
What was the significance of the passing of the militia ordinance?
Charles?
Money?
2
- Passed w/o charles permission
- Parliament proposed the raising of £400,000 by ship money
What did charles do in hull in April 1642?
2
- He seized leftover military supplies
- Acted against constitutional royalist propaganda
when were the 19 propositions?
June 1642
What were the 19 propositions? 4 Privy council? 5? Church? Bills?
- All privy councillors must be approved by parliament
- 5 impeached MP’s to be pardoned
- Charles had to accept the triennial act and militia ordinance
- Parliament to direct a reformation of the church
What was the impact of the 19 propostions?
Constitutional royalists?
2
Response from constitutional royalists:
-Saw king as a force to prevent anarchy and parliament was evil
When did charles declare war on parliament?
23rd August 1642
