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AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain > Chapter 10: First Civil War > Flashcards

Chapter 10: First Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

Ireland: When was an anti-catholic army formed in ireland?

A

April 1642

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2
Q

Ireland: Who commanded forces around dublin April 1642?

A

Earl of Ormond

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3
Q

Ireland: Who made up the anti-catholic army/ formation in ireland?
April 1642
2

A
  • 10,000 scottish troops sent to support ulster protestants

- financed by parliament

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4
Q

Ireland: What was the significance of the anti-catholic army in ireland/ their successes?
2

A
  • By end of 1643, extended protestant control

- But catholic confederation held rest of ireland except dublin

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5
Q

Ireland: When did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation?

A

September 1643

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6
Q

Ireland: Who did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation with?

A

-Catholic Confederation

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7
Q

Ireland: What was a cessation?

A

1 Year truce

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8
Q

Ireland: what the impact of the cessation?
2
Troops?
parliament?

A
  • 22,000 irish troops were sent to england from oct 1643-june 1644 to support charles
  • Had little impact and was counterproductive as it antagonised parliament
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9
Q

Scotland: When was the solemn league and covenant?

A

1643

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10
Q

Scotland: What was the solemn league and covenant?

2

A

-Solemn league and covenant military alliance between english parliament and scottish covenanters

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11
Q

Scotland: what was the impact of the solemn league and convenant?

A
  • Alienated some scottish nobles into supporting charles

eg: earl of montrose

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12
Q

Ireland: When did ormond sign peace treaty with confederates?

A

March 1643

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13
Q

Ireland: Battle at benburb date?

A

June 1643

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14
Q

Ireland: What happened at the battle of benburb?

1

A

-Owen Roe O’Neill, representative of gaelic irish, defeated scottish covenanters at benburb

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15
Q

Ireland: What was the significance of the battle at benburb?

1

A

irish less likely to support charles as there was no longer a common enermy

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16
Q

Key battles: when was the battle of edgehill?

A

23rd October 1642

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17
Q

Key battles: What happened in the battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2

A
  • First battle of english civil war

- Inconclusive battle, lots of death on both sides

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18
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of lansdown?

A

5th July 1643

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19
Q

Key battles: What happened in battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2

A
  • Royalist win at high cost

- Forced to retreat and lost men, horses and ammunition

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20
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of marston moor?

A

2nd July 1644

21
Q

Key battles: What happened at the battle of marston moor?
Victor?
3

A
  • York royalist stronghold
  • Parliament victory
  • Collapse of royalist forces in the north
22
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of naseby?

A

14th June 1645

23
Q

Key battles: What happened at the battle of naseby?
Victor?
2

A
  • Decisive victory for new model army

- Parliament got the royal cabinet full of plans

24
Q

Key battles: When was the fall of bristol?

A

23rd august-10th september

25
Key battles: What happened at the fall of bristol? Victor? Significance for charles? 5
- Bristol was key port - Parliament surrounded and stormed bristol - Royalists surrendered - CI dismissed Prince Rupert and forced him to leave england - Only chester port now
26
Royalists: Significance of charles and his army? | 1
They were uncoordinated and divided
27
Royalists: Significance of Council of War at Oxford? | 1
They were effective in the early years
28
Royalists: Significance of the earl of newcastle? | 1
He didn't march the northern royalist army to support the london attack
29
Royalists: Significance of prince rupert? | 2
led many battles | Joined newcastles forces at marston moor in july 1644
30
Parliamentarians: Significance of the london trained bands? | 1
Defended the capital in november 1643 and forced the royalists back
31
Parliamentarians: Significance of the solemn league and covenant? 1
Military, religious and political alliance between parliament and covenanters
32
Parliamentarians: Significance of the committee of both kingdoms? 1
1644- parliament and covenanters to manage finances for new model army
33
Parliamentarians: Significance of general thomas fairfax and the northern forces? 2
Joined with eastern association (parliament army) and scots at marston moor 1645- commander in chief of new model army
34
Royalist strengths? 3 Support? Leaders?
- Led by lawful recognised rulers - Support from aristocracy and higher gentry - who had more financial reserves and military experience
35
Royalist weaknesses: administration? | 4
- Royalist council of war at oxford - initially effective but suffered from limited authority - commanders were independent - charles had a new council in bristol
36
Royalist weaknesses: Generals? | 2
- Lack of commitment and lacked military experience | - Appointed his own nephews which was good militarily but divided ppl
37
Royalist weaknesses: Commissions of array? | 2
- Dubious legality | - People felt royalists lacked legal weight to make people join their forces
38
Royalist weaknesses: Division? | 3
- Differing views and incoherent policy - Henrietta maria- wanted continued war until total victory - Edward Hyde- wanted settlement w/ parliament
39
Royalist weaknesses: Charles as military leader? | 2
- Poor leader | - Didn't listen to his council of war
40
Royalist weaknesses: agreement with catholics? | 2
- Cessation with catholic rebels | - Brought over ineffective troops
41
Royalist weaknesses: Reliance on foreign aid? | 2
- His nephews | - Negotiated with french and the pope
42
Royalist weaknesses: Others? Money? Decisive? 2
- Indecisive | - Royalist areas were generally poorer
43
Parliamentary strengths: War finances? | 2
- Committee of both kingdoms | - Nov 1642 The Assessment, raised lots of money
44
Parliamentary strengths: John Pym and alliances? | 2
- Kept parliament together | - Solemn league and the covenant
45
Parliamentary strengths: Holding london? 6 things that made them successful bc they held london?
- Propaganda in london - Finances- city loans - Man power- trained bands - Port- Largest - Industry - Established administration
46
Parliamentary strengths: Local administration and opportunities? 2
- Employment of local men in special committees | - Dedicated support
47
Parliamentary strengths: Sea? | 1
-Held navy support
48
Parliamentary strengths: New Model Army? | 1
-Regularly paid, professional soldiers

AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain (12 decks)

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