Chapter 10: First Civil War Flashcards
Ireland: When was an anti-catholic army formed in ireland?
April 1642
Ireland: Who commanded forces around dublin April 1642?
Earl of Ormond
Ireland: Who made up the anti-catholic army/ formation in ireland?
April 1642
2
- 10,000 scottish troops sent to support ulster protestants
- financed by parliament
Ireland: What was the significance of the anti-catholic army in ireland/ their successes?
2
- By end of 1643, extended protestant control
- But catholic confederation held rest of ireland except dublin
Ireland: When did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation?
September 1643
Ireland: Who did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation with?
-Catholic Confederation
Ireland: What was a cessation?
1 Year truce
Ireland: what the impact of the cessation?
2
Troops?
parliament?
- 22,000 irish troops were sent to england from oct 1643-june 1644 to support charles
- Had little impact and was counterproductive as it antagonised parliament
Scotland: When was the solemn league and covenant?
1643
Scotland: What was the solemn league and covenant?
2
-Solemn league and covenant military alliance between english parliament and scottish covenanters
Scotland: what was the impact of the solemn league and convenant?
- Alienated some scottish nobles into supporting charles
eg: earl of montrose
Ireland: When did ormond sign peace treaty with confederates?
March 1643
Ireland: Battle at benburb date?
June 1643
Ireland: What happened at the battle of benburb?
1
-Owen Roe O’Neill, representative of gaelic irish, defeated scottish covenanters at benburb
Ireland: What was the significance of the battle at benburb?
1
irish less likely to support charles as there was no longer a common enermy
Key battles: when was the battle of edgehill?
23rd October 1642
Key battles: What happened in the battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2
- First battle of english civil war
- Inconclusive battle, lots of death on both sides
Key battles: When was the battle of lansdown?
5th July 1643
Key battles: What happened in battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2
- Royalist win at high cost
- Forced to retreat and lost men, horses and ammunition
Key battles: When was the battle of marston moor?
2nd July 1644
Key battles: What happened at the battle of marston moor?
Victor?
3
- York royalist stronghold
- Parliament victory
- Collapse of royalist forces in the north
Key battles: When was the battle of naseby?
14th June 1645
Key battles: What happened at the battle of naseby?
Victor?
2
- Decisive victory for new model army
- Parliament got the royal cabinet full of plans
Key battles: When was the fall of bristol?
23rd august-10th september
Key battles: What happened at the fall of bristol?
Victor?
Significance for charles?
5
- Bristol was key port
- Parliament surrounded and stormed bristol
- Royalists surrendered
- CI dismissed Prince Rupert and forced him to leave england
- Only chester port now
Royalists: Significance of charles and his army?
1
They were uncoordinated and divided
Royalists: Significance of Council of War at Oxford?
1
They were effective in the early years
Royalists: Significance of the earl of newcastle?
1
He didn’t march the northern royalist army to support the london attack
Royalists: Significance of prince rupert?
2
led many battles
Joined newcastles forces at marston moor in july 1644
Parliamentarians: Significance of the london trained bands?
1
Defended the capital in november 1643 and forced the royalists back
Parliamentarians: Significance of the solemn league and covenant?
1
Military, religious and political alliance between parliament and covenanters
Parliamentarians: Significance of the committee of both kingdoms?
1
1644- parliament and covenanters to manage finances for new model army
Parliamentarians: Significance of general thomas fairfax and the northern forces?
2
Joined with eastern association (parliament army) and scots at marston moor
1645- commander in chief of new model army
Royalist strengths?
3
Support? Leaders?
- Led by lawful recognised rulers
- Support from aristocracy and higher gentry
- who had more financial reserves and military experience
Royalist weaknesses: administration?
4
- Royalist council of war at oxford
- initially effective but suffered from limited authority
- commanders were independent
- charles had a new council in bristol
Royalist weaknesses: Generals?
2
- Lack of commitment and lacked military experience
- Appointed his own nephews which was good militarily but divided ppl
Royalist weaknesses: Commissions of array?
2
- Dubious legality
- People felt royalists lacked legal weight to make people join their forces
Royalist weaknesses: Division?
3
- Differing views and incoherent policy
- Henrietta maria- wanted continued war until total victory
- Edward Hyde- wanted settlement w/ parliament
Royalist weaknesses: Charles as military leader?
2
- Poor leader
- Didn’t listen to his council of war
Royalist weaknesses: agreement with catholics?
2
- Cessation with catholic rebels
- Brought over ineffective troops
Royalist weaknesses: Reliance on foreign aid?
2
- His nephews
- Negotiated with french and the pope
Royalist weaknesses: Others?
Money?
Decisive?
2
- Indecisive
- Royalist areas were generally poorer
Parliamentary strengths: War finances?
2
- Committee of both kingdoms
- Nov 1642 The Assessment, raised lots of money
Parliamentary strengths: John Pym and alliances?
2
- Kept parliament together
- Solemn league and the covenant
Parliamentary strengths: Holding london?
6
things that made them successful bc they held london?
- Propaganda in london
- Finances- city loans
- Man power- trained bands
- Port- Largest
- Industry
- Established administration
Parliamentary strengths: Local administration and opportunities?
2
- Employment of local men in special committees
- Dedicated support
Parliamentary strengths: Sea?
1
-Held navy support
Parliamentary strengths: New Model Army?
1
-Regularly paid, professional soldiers
