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AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain > Chapter 10: First Civil War > Flashcards

Chapter 10: First Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

Ireland: When was an anti-catholic army formed in ireland?

A

April 1642

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2
Q

Ireland: Who commanded forces around dublin April 1642?

A

Earl of Ormond

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3
Q

Ireland: Who made up the anti-catholic army/ formation in ireland?
April 1642
2

A
  • 10,000 scottish troops sent to support ulster protestants

- financed by parliament

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4
Q

Ireland: What was the significance of the anti-catholic army in ireland/ their successes?
2

A
  • By end of 1643, extended protestant control

- But catholic confederation held rest of ireland except dublin

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5
Q

Ireland: When did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation?

A

September 1643

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6
Q

Ireland: Who did the Earl of Ormond sign cessation with?

A

-Catholic Confederation

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7
Q

Ireland: What was a cessation?

A

1 Year truce

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8
Q

Ireland: what the impact of the cessation?
2
Troops?
parliament?

A
  • 22,000 irish troops were sent to england from oct 1643-june 1644 to support charles
  • Had little impact and was counterproductive as it antagonised parliament
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9
Q

Scotland: When was the solemn league and covenant?

A

1643

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10
Q

Scotland: What was the solemn league and covenant?

2

A

-Solemn league and covenant military alliance between english parliament and scottish covenanters

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11
Q

Scotland: what was the impact of the solemn league and convenant?

A
  • Alienated some scottish nobles into supporting charles

eg: earl of montrose

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12
Q

Ireland: When did ormond sign peace treaty with confederates?

A

March 1643

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13
Q

Ireland: Battle at benburb date?

A

June 1643

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14
Q

Ireland: What happened at the battle of benburb?

1

A

-Owen Roe O’Neill, representative of gaelic irish, defeated scottish covenanters at benburb

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15
Q

Ireland: What was the significance of the battle at benburb?

1

A

irish less likely to support charles as there was no longer a common enermy

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16
Q

Key battles: when was the battle of edgehill?

A

23rd October 1642

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17
Q

Key battles: What happened in the battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2

A
  • First battle of english civil war

- Inconclusive battle, lots of death on both sides

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18
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of lansdown?

A

5th July 1643

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19
Q

Key battles: What happened in battle of edgehill?
Victor?
2

A
  • Royalist win at high cost

- Forced to retreat and lost men, horses and ammunition

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20
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of marston moor?

A

2nd July 1644

21
Q

Key battles: What happened at the battle of marston moor?
Victor?
3

A
  • York royalist stronghold
  • Parliament victory
  • Collapse of royalist forces in the north
22
Q

Key battles: When was the battle of naseby?

A

14th June 1645

23
Q

Key battles: What happened at the battle of naseby?
Victor?
2

A
  • Decisive victory for new model army

- Parliament got the royal cabinet full of plans

24
Q

Key battles: When was the fall of bristol?

A

23rd august-10th september

25
Q

Key battles: What happened at the fall of bristol?
Victor?
Significance for charles?
5

A
  • Bristol was key port
  • Parliament surrounded and stormed bristol
  • Royalists surrendered
  • CI dismissed Prince Rupert and forced him to leave england
  • Only chester port now
26
Q

Royalists: Significance of charles and his army?

1

A

They were uncoordinated and divided

27
Q

Royalists: Significance of Council of War at Oxford?

1

A

They were effective in the early years

28
Q

Royalists: Significance of the earl of newcastle?

1

A

He didn’t march the northern royalist army to support the london attack

29
Q

Royalists: Significance of prince rupert?

2

A

led many battles

Joined newcastles forces at marston moor in july 1644

30
Q

Parliamentarians: Significance of the london trained bands?

1

A

Defended the capital in november 1643 and forced the royalists back

31
Q

Parliamentarians: Significance of the solemn league and covenant?
1

A

Military, religious and political alliance between parliament and covenanters

32
Q

Parliamentarians: Significance of the committee of both kingdoms?
1

A

1644- parliament and covenanters to manage finances for new model army

33
Q

Parliamentarians: Significance of general thomas fairfax and the northern forces?
2

A

Joined with eastern association (parliament army) and scots at marston moor

1645- commander in chief of new model army

34
Q

Royalist strengths?
3
Support? Leaders?

A
  • Led by lawful recognised rulers
  • Support from aristocracy and higher gentry
  • who had more financial reserves and military experience
35
Q

Royalist weaknesses: administration?

4

A
  • Royalist council of war at oxford
  • initially effective but suffered from limited authority
  • commanders were independent
  • charles had a new council in bristol
36
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Generals?

2

A
  • Lack of commitment and lacked military experience

- Appointed his own nephews which was good militarily but divided ppl

37
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Commissions of array?

2

A
  • Dubious legality

- People felt royalists lacked legal weight to make people join their forces

38
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Division?

3

A
  • Differing views and incoherent policy
  • Henrietta maria- wanted continued war until total victory
  • Edward Hyde- wanted settlement w/ parliament
39
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Charles as military leader?

2

A
  • Poor leader

- Didn’t listen to his council of war

40
Q

Royalist weaknesses: agreement with catholics?

2

A
  • Cessation with catholic rebels

- Brought over ineffective troops

41
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Reliance on foreign aid?

2

A
  • His nephews

- Negotiated with french and the pope

42
Q

Royalist weaknesses: Others?
Money?
Decisive?
2

A
  • Indecisive

- Royalist areas were generally poorer

43
Q

Parliamentary strengths: War finances?

2

A
  • Committee of both kingdoms

- Nov 1642 The Assessment, raised lots of money

44
Q

Parliamentary strengths: John Pym and alliances?

2

A
  • Kept parliament together

- Solemn league and the covenant

45
Q

Parliamentary strengths: Holding london?
6
things that made them successful bc they held london?

A
  • Propaganda in london
  • Finances- city loans
  • Man power- trained bands
  • Port- Largest
  • Industry
  • Established administration
46
Q

Parliamentary strengths: Local administration and opportunities?
2

A
  • Employment of local men in special committees

- Dedicated support

47
Q

Parliamentary strengths: Sea?

1

A

-Held navy support

48
Q

Parliamentary strengths: New Model Army?

1

A

-Regularly paid, professional soldiers

AQA A-Level History: Stuart Britain (12 decks)

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