Chapter 4: religion Flashcards
Gunpowder plot: date?
1605
Who were Jesuits?
Catholics who tried to convert protestant countries
Define Predestination
Belief that individuals salvation already decided by God, not dependent on how you lived
What were recusancy fines?
Fines for if you attend compulsory CofE service for both catholics and other types of protestants who didn’t go
When was the oath of allegiance and what was it?
1606, swear in James I as head of the church
What were Vestments?
Robes worn by clergy or choristers during the service
What were James I beliefs?
Originally he said he would leave other religious people alone if they were quiet about it and he decreased recusancy fines.
Due to protestant reaction, James expressed his ‘utter detestation’ of catholics and recusancy fines were collected in full.
Who did James expel and when?
Priests and Jesuits, 1604
What was the impact of the gunpowder plot?
Increase in catholic persecution,
Forbidden to live in/ near London or hold public office
New oath of allegiance
Increase in recusancy fines
What is Episcopacy?
The government of the church by bishops
What are Marginalia?
Comments written in the margin
What was the Convocation?
Church parliament
Millenary petition: date?
1603
Millenary petition: details and impact?
James travelling from Scotland to London for his coronation, given millenary petition- list of requests for more protestant modifications to CofE (eg: no ceremonial robes)
James called Hampton Court Conference
Hampton Court Conference: date?
1604
Hampton Court Conference: details and impact?
James willing to listen to puritan demands
The only clash was when James thought that a puritan said he wanted to get rid of episcopacy
When was the King James Bible finished?
1611
What is the significance of the King James Bible?
It was a bible written to replace the Geneva bible that had marginalia that undermined James’ rule.
It had marginalia that supported divine right etc.
Long lasting linguistical impact.
Bancroft’s Canons: details and impact?
Who were the ‘silent brethren’?
Bancroft’s Canons were a book of church laws.
All ministers must subscribe to: three articles supporting King’s supremacy, the 39 articles (orthodox doctrines), and only use authorised services. (Puritans were against this)
James gave full support.
It was a new drive for conformity amongst canons.
Bancroft said all clergy that didn’t conform would be expelled, but only 1% ended up being expelled (called silent brethren).
Didn’t last very long as Bancroft’s replacement was sympathetic to puritans.
Bancroft’s canons: date?
Convocation to draw up new book of canons (church laws) released February 1604.
What is arminianism?
Type of protestantism.
Closest to Catholicism.
What was James I attitude to Arminianism?
Broad church- most protestants felt welcome, isolated radicals, like Liz (elizabethan balance).
He was Calvinist in his theory (CofE).
Originally didn’t agree with Arminianism but became more sympathetic over his rule.
Throughout his rule he got more annoyed with puritan demands- (eg: join thirty years war) whereas the arminians supported his peaceful negotiations with Spain.
What is some evidence for James’ support of Arminianism?
He allowed Arminian clerics more prominence in debates at court eg: William Laud.
1624- he didn’t censor Richard Montagu’s Arminian track ‘A new gag for an old goose’.
1622- The clergy were forbidden to preach about predestination and reprobation (more radical protestant beliefs) supposedly because it criticised foreign policy.
What was ‘A new gag for an old goose’? Who wrote it and when was it published?
Richard Montagu, 1624. It was an Arminian tract that wrote in support of many catholic beliefs and was anti-calvinist (CofE).
It was disliked by puritans and other protestants.
Had both James I and Charles I support.
What was Charles I attitude to Arminianism and what was the impact of that?
He favoured Arminianism.
This led to a conspiracy mentality in and out of court from other protestants who believed that catholics and arminians were in control of the king.
This led to problems with parliament which Charles believed were a puritan attack.
What is some evidence for Charles support of Arminianism?
Charles openly supported Arminian Richard Montagu and his anti-calvinist tract.
He made Montagu royal chaplain.
Arminian William Laud was made bishop of London in 1628.
The York House Conference: date?
1626
The York House Conference: details and impact?
Buckingham chaired a theological debate at his London home at request of puritan earl of warwick and due to pressure from parliament.
Focus on Montagu’s writings.
Warwick wanted to sway Charles away from Arminianism and anti-calvinism.
Buckingham supported anti-calvinist Laud. Probably to reinforce his (Buckingham’s) relationship with Charles and maintain his power and influence.
Charles I didn’t attend.
Reinforced idea of Arminian and catholic control over the king.
Causes of conflict under Charles I?
Thirty years war.
Henrietta Maria.
Bad relationship with parliament.
Charles was uncommunicative.
Charles was insecure.
Charles was paranoid.
Charles got more confrontational.
There was debate over Charles’ beliefs.
Charles continues to favour Arminians more and more.
What was the book of sports? When was it issued?
Made sports acceptable on a sunday. Puritans didn’t like it.
Originally James issued it in 1618.
Charles reissued it in 1633.
