Chapter 11: Second Civil War Flashcards
Who were the political Presbyterians? Opinion on religion? On settlement? New model army? Scots?
- Moderate faction in Parliament, politically and socially conservative
- Opposed to religious toleration
- Negotiate peace w/ king, minimal settlement on king powers
- Didn’t like the new model army
- Closer to the scots
Who were the political independents? Opinion on religion? On settlement? New model army? Scots?
- Radical faction in parliament
- wanted some religious toleration
- only settle if large limitations to kings power
- allied with new model army
- disliked the authoritarianism of scottish presbytarians
New Model Army: who were the godly officers?
1
The core of the officers, especially in the cavalry, very devout
New Model Army: who were the chapains?
2
what was their job?
- appointed for each regiment, closely connected to colonel for each regiment
- led sermons, bible studies, accompanied army on marches, campaigns and into battle
New Model Army: what was the use of visual iconography?
1
-Each regiment had its own banner with a religious motif
New Model Army: why did they fast and self-reflect?
1
To prepare for tests the army had to face
New Model Army: what was lay preaching?
1
Soldiers preaching
New Model Army: why were they a minority? How did this impact them?
2
- They were alienated from the rest of society
- This reinforced their own godliness- high morale
New Model Army: how did they promote equality?
2
- 1647 the General Council of the Army was made
- Believed that all were valued by god
When did the first civil war end?
1646
When were the newcastle propositions?
July 1646
What were the newcastle propositions?
4
- Religion: accept Presbyterianism for 3 years in england
- Militia: p control for 20 years
- Parliament: triennial act remain
- Royalists: only 58 not pardoned
What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
2
What was charles’ response
- Charles stalled, no intention of agreeing
- -> more instability in parliament
What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
3
Parliaments response to charles response
- Political presbytarians proposed more lenient version
- included demobilising the new model army but sending a smaller force to ireland
- alternative ‘safe’ army
Who wrote the declaration of dislike?
Holles
What was the declaration of dislike?
2
- Slated the new model army
- Declared army petitioners enemies of state
What was the significance of the declaration of dislike?
Showed division between the army and parliament
What politicised the new model army?
5
- Newcastle propositions
- Holles declaration of dislike
- though pp were making a rial army
- owed salary
- no idemnity act passed so possibility they could be charged as offensives
When did the new model army first petition parliament for redress of their grievances?
And what did parliament say?
March 1647
No
When did the commons accept Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?
May 1647
What was Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?
2
- Conceded presbytarianism for 3 years
- Conceded militia for 10 years
What was the impact of charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?
Both concessions were too lenient which angered the army
When did the commons vote to disband the army after 8 weeks of pay?
25th may 1647
Why did the army hold the newmarket meeting?
In response to the commons vote to disband them
when was the newmarket meeting?
June 1647
What was the purpose of the newmarket meeting?
What did they agree on?
2
- To sort out the organisation of a more formal political structure in the new model army
- two commissioned officers and two ajutators
When was charles captured by the army?
Who captured him?
2nd June 1647
Cornet George Joyce
When was the army remonstrance?
4th June 1647
What was the army remonstrance?
4
- army issued a humble remonstrance
- not disband until their grievances met
- ->indemnity
- ->removal of political presbytarians
When was the solemn engagement?
5th june 1647
What was the solemn engagement?
3
- Petition presented to parliament by army in the solemn engagement
- written mostly by ireton
- impeachment charges drawn up against 11 MP’s incl Holles
When was the negotiations at hampton court?
Who led them?
7th June 1647
Ireton, army spokesman, with charles- lodged at hampton court
When was the representation of the army?
14th June 1647
Who wrote the representation of the army?
Ireton
What was the representation of the army?
4
Said
- purge of parliament
- future parliaments of fixed duration
- freedom of ppl to petition parliament
- extension of religious freedom
What was the significance of the representation of the army?
Shows politicisation of the army and the increase in their political power
When were the heads of proposals?
16th July 1647
Where were the heads of proposals proposed?
At the army general council meeting at reading
Who wrote the heads of proposals?
Ireton
What were the heads of proposals?
6
- regular biennial parliaments
- reform of p representation
- p control of army and navy
- p appointment of great offices of state for 10 years
- national church w/ bishops
- act of oblivion: only exempted a few royalists
What was the impact of the. heads of proposals?
4
ajutators?
Ajutators impatient with slow progress
- thought proposals were too moderate
- ireton and cromwell hypocritical bc not radical enough
–> division
When did a mob invade the commons at holles behest?
What did they do?
26th July 1647
Forcefully passed resolution to invite the king to london
When was the walk out of parliament?
Who walked out?
3rd August 1647
Army were just outside london and political independents joined them
When did the army march into westminster?
6th August 1647
When did the army march into London?
8th August 1647
What were the four bills?
2
- An amalgamation of the newcastle propositions and the heads
- presented to charles while in captivity
When did charles escape hampton court?
What did he do after he did?
11th November 1647
Negotiate with the scots
When did charles formally reject the four bills?
End of december 1647
When was the engagement?
December 1647
What was the engagement?
-Charles agreed 3 years pres in england in return for scots help invading england and restoring his power
What was the impact of the engagement”?
- The scots agreed
- threatened parliament
When was the vote of no address?
January 1648
What was the vote of no address?
2
- Parliament passed it
- No more negotiation with Charles
What was the significance of the vote of no address?
Stopped all hope of constitutional monarchy or reform
When was the windsor prayer meeting?
April 1648
Who was the windsor prayer meeting?
New model army
What was the windsor payer meeting?
3
- gathered at windsor to pray before facing their enemies
- preachers declared that charles was a man of blood
- debated regicide in public for the first time
When was the rising in south wales?
March-July 1648
When was the rising in east anglia, centred at colchester?
April-August 1648
When was the rising in kent?
May-June 1648
When was the rising in yorkshire, centred on pontefact?
June-December 1648
When did the scots invade england?
July 1648
When did cromwell and lambert defeat the scots at preston?
17th-19th August 1648
When did cromwell and lambert secure anti-engager power in Edinburgh?
4th-7th October 1648
