Chapter 11: Second Civil War

Question 1

Who were the political Presbyterians?
Opinion on religion?
On settlement?
New model army?
Scots?

Answer 1

• Moderate faction in Parliament, politically and socially conservative
• Opposed to religious toleration
• Negotiate peace w/ king, minimal settlement on king powers
• Didn’t like the new model army
• Closer to the scots

Question 2

Who were the political independents?
Opinion on religion?
On settlement?
New model army?
Scots?

Answer 2

• Radical faction in parliament
• wanted some religious toleration
• only settle if large limitations to kings power
• allied with new model army
• disliked the authoritarianism of scottish presbytarians

Question 3

New Model Army: who were the godly officers?

1

Answer 3

The core of the officers, especially in the cavalry, very devout

Question 4

New Model Army: who were the chapains?
2
what was their job?

Answer 4

• appointed for each regiment, closely connected to colonel for each regiment
• led sermons, bible studies, accompanied army on marches, campaigns and into battle

Question 5

New Model Army: what was the use of visual iconography?

1

Answer 5

-Each regiment had its own banner with a religious motif

Question 6

New Model Army: why did they fast and self-reflect?

1

Answer 6

To prepare for tests the army had to face

Question 7

New Model Army: what was lay preaching?

1

Answer 7

Soldiers preaching

Question 8

New Model Army: why were they a minority? How did this impact them?
2

Answer 8

• They were alienated from the rest of society

- This reinforced their own godliness- high morale

Question 9

New Model Army: how did they promote equality?

2

Answer 9

• 1647 the General Council of the Army was made

- Believed that all were valued by god

Question 10

When did the first civil war end?

Answer 10

1646

Question 11

When were the newcastle propositions?

Answer 11

July 1646

Question 12

What were the newcastle propositions?

4

Answer 12

• Religion: accept Presbyterianism for 3 years in england
• Militia: p control for 20 years
• Parliament: triennial act remain
• Royalists: only 58 not pardoned

Question 13

What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
2
What was charles’ response

Answer 13

• Charles stalled, no intention of agreeing

- -> more instability in parliament

Question 14

What was the impact of the newcastle propositions?
3
Parliaments response to charles response

Answer 14

• Political presbytarians proposed more lenient version
• included demobilising the new model army but sending a smaller force to ireland
• alternative ‘safe’ army

Question 15

Who wrote the declaration of dislike?

Answer 15

Holles

Question 16

What was the declaration of dislike?

2

Answer 16

• Slated the new model army

- Declared army petitioners enemies of state

Question 17

What was the significance of the declaration of dislike?

Answer 17

Showed division between the army and parliament

Question 18

What politicised the new model army?

5

Answer 18

• Newcastle propositions
• Holles declaration of dislike
• though pp were making a rial army
• owed salary
• no idemnity act passed so possibility they could be charged as offensives

Question 19

When did the new model army first petition parliament for redress of their grievances?

And what did parliament say?

Answer 19

March 1647

No

Question 20

When did the commons accept Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

Answer 20

May 1647

Question 21

What was Charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

2

Answer 21

• Conceded presbytarianism for 3 years

- Conceded militia for 10 years

Question 22

What was the impact of charles 3rd reply to the newcastle propositions?

Answer 22

Both concessions were too lenient which angered the army

Question 23

When did the commons vote to disband the army after 8 weeks of pay?

Answer 23

25th may 1647

Question 24

Why did the army hold the newmarket meeting?

Answer 24

In response to the commons vote to disband them

Question 25

when was the newmarket meeting?

Answer 25

June 1647

Question 26

What was the purpose of the newmarket meeting? What did they agree on? 2

Answer 26

- To sort out the organisation of a more formal political structure in the new model army - two commissioned officers and two ajutators

Question 27

When was charles captured by the army? Who captured him?

Answer 27

2nd June 1647 Cornet George Joyce

Question 28

When was the army remonstrance?

Answer 28

4th June 1647

Question 29

What was the army remonstrance? 4

Answer 29

- army issued a humble remonstrance - not disband until their grievances met - ->indemnity - ->removal of political presbytarians

Question 30

When was the solemn engagement?

Answer 30

5th june 1647

Question 31

What was the solemn engagement? 3

Answer 31

- Petition presented to parliament by army in the solemn engagement - written mostly by ireton - impeachment charges drawn up against 11 MP's incl Holles

Question 32

When was the negotiations at hampton court? Who led them?

Answer 32

7th June 1647 Ireton, army spokesman, with charles- lodged at hampton court

Question 33

When was the representation of the army?

Answer 33

14th June 1647

Question 34

Who wrote the representation of the army?

Answer 34

Ireton

Question 35

What was the representation of the army? 4

Answer 35

Said - purge of parliament - future parliaments of fixed duration - freedom of ppl to petition parliament - extension of religious freedom

Question 36

What was the significance of the representation of the army?

Answer 36

Shows politicisation of the army and the increase in their political power

Question 37

When were the heads of proposals?

Answer 37

16th July 1647

Question 38

Where were the heads of proposals proposed?

Answer 38

At the army general council meeting at reading

Question 39

Who wrote the heads of proposals?

Answer 39

Ireton

Question 40

What were the heads of proposals? | 6

Answer 40

- regular biennial parliaments - reform of p representation - p control of army and navy - p appointment of great offices of state for 10 years - national church w/ bishops - act of oblivion: only exempted a few royalists

Question 41

What was the impact of the. heads of proposals? 4 ajutators?

Answer 41

Ajutators impatient with slow progress - thought proposals were too moderate - ireton and cromwell hypocritical bc not radical enough --> division

Question 42

When did a mob invade the commons at holles behest? What did they do?

Answer 42

26th July 1647 Forcefully passed resolution to invite the king to london

Question 43

When was the walk out of parliament? Who walked out?

Answer 43

3rd August 1647 Army were just outside london and political independents joined them

Question 44

When did the army march into westminster?

Answer 44

6th August 1647

Question 45

When did the army march into London?

Answer 45

8th August 1647

Question 46

What were the four bills? 2

Answer 46

- An amalgamation of the newcastle propositions and the heads - presented to charles while in captivity

Question 47

When did charles escape hampton court? What did he do after he did?

Answer 47

11th November 1647 Negotiate with the scots

Question 48

When did charles formally reject the four bills?

Answer 48

End of december 1647

Question 49

When was the engagement?

Answer 49

December 1647

Question 50

What was the engagement?

Answer 50

-Charles agreed 3 years pres in england in return for scots help invading england and restoring his power

Question 51

What was the impact of the engagement"?

Answer 51

- The scots agreed | - threatened parliament

Question 52

When was the vote of no address?

Answer 52

January 1648

Question 53

What was the vote of no address? | 2

Answer 53

- Parliament passed it | - No more negotiation with Charles

Question 54

What was the significance of the vote of no address?

Answer 54

Stopped all hope of constitutional monarchy or reform

Question 55

When was the windsor prayer meeting?

Answer 55

April 1648

Question 56

Who was the windsor prayer meeting?

Answer 56

New model army

Question 57

What was the windsor payer meeting? 3

Answer 57

- gathered at windsor to pray before facing their enemies - preachers declared that charles was a man of blood - debated regicide in public for the first time

Question 58

When was the rising in south wales?

Answer 58

March-July 1648

Question 59

When was the rising in east anglia, centred at colchester?

Answer 59

April-August 1648

Question 60

When was the rising in kent?

Answer 60

May-June 1648

Question 61

When was the rising in yorkshire, centred on pontefact?

Answer 61

June-December 1648

Question 62

When did the scots invade england?

Answer 62

July 1648

Question 63

When did cromwell and lambert defeat the scots at preston?

Answer 63

17th-19th August 1648

Question 64

When did cromwell and lambert secure anti-engager power in Edinburgh?

Answer 64

4th-7th October 1648