Chapter 8: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament Flashcards
What were the causes of the Scottish Rebellion 1637-40?
2
- CI cutting himself off and ignoring growing discontent
- Religious uniformity
What were the dates for Charles I personal rule?
1629-1640
Dates for short parliament?
13th April-5th May 1640
Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: St Giles Cathedral?
What happened?
When?
July 1637
Some bishops had to arm themselves when they had to read from the new laudian prayer book
Bc of riots
Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: What was the impact of the riots?
CI
Nobles
- Charles Scottish PC had to abandon in Oct 1637
- Nobles organised riots and opposition
Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: What was the Scottish National Covenant?
-Manifesto to unite the scottish people against Charles’ religious policy
Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: Who wrote the Scottish National Covenant?
Archibald Johnston and Alexander Hendelson
-Radical presbytarians
Scottish Rebellion 1637-40: When was the Scottish National Covenant?
February 1638
Bishops wars: How were the Scots able to call a religious general assembly?
Charles allowed them to do it in Glasgow in Septemebr 1638
Bishops wars: What happened at the Scots religious general assembly?
They annulled the canons and abolished episcopacy
Bishops wars: When was the scots religious general assembly held?
November 1638
Bishops wars: What was Charles biggest limitation?
Finances and army
His army was not ready until April 1639 due to his difficulty financing - ship money - and unorganisation of the army
Bishops wars: When was the truce of Berwick?
June 1639
Bishops wars: What was the Truce of Berwick?
What did they agree?
What did the scots do in response?
CI and Covenanters agreed to meeting of General Assembly of Church of Scotland at Edinburgh and also Scottish Parliament
- Agreed to disband both armies
- Scots didn’t bc lack of trust
Bishops wars: Who was Thomas Wentworth, what did he advise Charles to do and what was the impact of that?
Success?
- Lord Deputy of Ireland
- Advised Charles to call parliament for money
- > Charles did but short parliament dissolved pretty much immediately
- > not successful
Bishops wars: What did the Scots do in August 1640?
They occupied Newcastle and invaded England
Bishops wars: What was the treaty of ripon?
Effect?
Charles I agreed to pay Scottish army living costs while they occupied land in England
-CI had to call another Parliament
What was the make-up of Ireland in 1629?
Groups and land they occupied?
- Irish Catholics- Rest of Ireland
- Catholic Old English
- Protestant English - plantation policy in north gave land to eng settlers
- Protestant Scottish- Ultser
English control over Dublin and the Pale
Who was Thomas Wentworth and what did he do in Ireland?
When?
- 1632, Lord Deputy of Ireland
- He enhanced authority over Irish
- Allowed England to profit as he increased customs
Irish Rebellion: When was it?
October 1641
Irish Rebellion 1641: Causes?
England?
Scotland
Radicals?
- England alienated all 5 groups in Ireland
- CI recalled Wentworth
- Pres Scot alliance w/ English Puritans threatened Catholic Ireland
- Preemptive strike to prevent radical outsiders imposing harsh protestant rules on them
Irish Rebellion 1641: What did they do? where?
Strike on Protestants in Ulster
-3000 Killed
What opposition did Charles face in England?
Nobles eg: William Fiennes opposed ship money
- Started legal action
- CI stopped it and ignored him
When was the Hampden case?
1637
What was the Hampden case?
-In Nov CI took Hampden to court for refusing to pay ship money
Who was john Hampden?
-John Hampden, gentry, had connection to opponents to the regime
Impact of Hampden Case/ outcome?
3
- Facts of the case were widely circulated and debated
- Narrow judgement of 7-5 judges
- Too costly
What was the Providence Island Company and what was it’s significance?
It was a cover for meeting and sharing ideas of Political Nation
->Anti-Laudian
Short Parliament: why was it unsuccessful?
- MP’s didn’t vote to subsidise bishops wars
- -Pym and Fiennes were in league w/ Scottish Covenanters
- -MP’s more concerned w/ king
- -> CI would have to make big concessions to get subsidies
So Charles dissolved parliament
Make-up of Short Parliament?
Opposition?
Charles?
PN unorganised opposition
King still had majority in house of lords and won favour in commons by announcing illegality of Ship Money
Short Parliament: what did charles do following dissolving Parliament?
He arrested Warwick, Brooke and Fiennes from House of Lords and Pym and Hampden from Commons
-Key critics
Personal Rule: What was the Court of the Star Chamber?
Where did they meet?
What did the do?
Who?
- Met in Westminster palace w/ stars on ceiling
- secret cases
- Persecute puritans
- Judged by privy councillors
Personal rule; What was the Court of High Commission?
What did they do?
- Chief court of the church
- used to enforce Laudian reforms
- if defendant was found guilty they were sentenced at the star chamber
