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Psy111: Intro to Psychology > Chapter 9: Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Lifespan Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Development is described as being a what?

A

Lifelong process

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2
Q

____ _____ study how we change and grow from birth to death

A

Developmental Psychologists

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3
Q

3 Domains of Developmental Psychology

A

Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial

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4
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

Compares groups of individuals of different ages at the same time

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5
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

Assesses the same subjects multiple times over a lengthy period

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6
Q

What does the Cohort effect state?

A

Differences in people due to historical and social time periods they lived in may effect research ( Ex. Millenials vs Gen Z)

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7
Q

What comprises “nature”?

A

genetics and biology

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8
Q

What are examples of components of nature?

A

eye color, skin color, disease susceptibility, body size, shape, height, intelligence

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9
Q

What comprises “nurture”?

A

environment and culture

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10
Q

What are examples of “nurture”?

A

Experiences, what happens to us individually

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11
Q

When does a child’s brain change the most

A

first 3 years

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12
Q

What is an example that shows how important nature is?

A

The Jim Twins

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13
Q

How many stages does Erik Erikson’s theory have?

A

8 stages

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14
Q

Erikson’s theory contains a ____ at each stage in life

A

crisis

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15
Q

Successfully dealing with a crisis=

A

healthy development

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16
Q

Failing to deal with a crisis=

A

Difficulty dealing with next crisis

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17
Q

What is the 1st stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

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18
Q

What is the positive outcome of Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Babies have a sense of trust established

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19
Q

What is the negative outcome of Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Babies fail to trust caregivers and have insecurity, suspiciousness, and difficulty relating to others later in life.

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20
Q

What is the 2nd stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

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21
Q

What is the positive outcome of Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?

A

Parent encourages a child to try new skills which builds confidence

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22
Q

What is the negative outcome of Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?

A

Parents ridicule a child and a doubt in ability forms with shame

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23
Q

What is the 3rd stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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24
Q

What is the positive outcome of Initiative vs. Guilt?

A

Children begin to make plans and carry them out

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25
Q

What is the negative outcome of Initiative vs. Guilt?

A

Guilt comes from a parent who criticizes and discourages questions/ideas

26
Q

What is the 4th stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

27
Q

What is the positive outcome of Industry vs. Inferiority?

A

Children learn skills valued by society and learn how to be productive (industry)

28
Q

What is the negative outcome of Industry vs. Inferiority?

A

Children feel inadequate in society

29
Q

What is the 5th stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

30
Q

What is the positive outcome of Identity vs. Role Confusion?

A

New feelings, body, attitude, must be consistency

31
Q

What is the negative outcome of Identity vs. Role Confusion?

A

role confusion, uncertainty about who you are

32
Q

What is the 6th stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

33
Q

What is the positive outcome of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

A

Sharing of meaningful love and friendship

34
Q

What is the negative outcome of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

A

Feeling of isolation

35
Q

What is the 7th stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

36
Q

What is the positive outcome of Generativity vs Stagnation?

A

Direction of energy outward, giving back to youth/community

37
Q

What is the negative outcome of Generativity vs. Stagnation?

A

Selfishness, only cares about ones self

38
Q

What is the 8th stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

A

Ego Integrity vs Despair

39
Q

What is the positive outcome of Ego Integrity vs. Despair?

A

Looking back at life in satisfaction and self respect

40
Q

What is the negative outcome of Ego Integrity vs. Despair?

A

Despair, regret, remorse, too late to change choices

41
Q

What is the order of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development? (4)

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

42
Q

What happens during the Sensorimotor Stage?

A

Object Permanence- objects continue to exist when not in view

43
Q

What happens during the Preoperational Stage?

A

Children are egocentric, Inability to conserve, cannot understand object stages (s, l, g)

44
Q

What happens during the Concrete Observational Stage?

A

Children understand conservation, and use reverse thought

45
Q

What happens during the Formal Operational Stage?

A

thinking becomes abstract and hypothetical thinking

46
Q

_____ is an individuals behavior style and characteristic wats of responding

A

Temperament

47
Q

What are the 3 types of Temperaments in babies?

A

Easy, Difficult, Slow to Warm Up

48
Q

Describe Attachment

A

Close emotional bond between infant and caregiver

49
Q

What was Harlow’s Experiment

A

Used 2 “moms” and a Resus monkey. tested to see which mom monkey will go to when scared… (food mom or comfort mom)

50
Q

What was the result of Harlow’s Experiment?

A

Comfort Cloth Monkey was the Monkey’s choice

51
Q

What are the Two Types of Attachment? Describe them

A

Secure- use caregiver as safe base to explore
Insecure- scared, angry, not soothed by caregiver

52
Q

More time with a father= ?

A

More competence

53
Q

Describe the “Rogue Test”

A

Babies are put in front of mirror with makeup on. At 16months the baby begins to understand that the child in the mirror is themselves and will attempt to wipe the makeup off of their own nose instead of the mirror

54
Q

____ _____ is the observing of others to obtain information or guidance

A

Social Referencing

55
Q

What are the 4 parenting styles

A

Authoritarian, Authoritative, Neglectful, Permissive

56
Q

Describe the Authoritarian parenting style

A

very strict, control child, child is seen and not heard, lack social skills

57
Q

Describe the Authoritative parenting style

A

give/encourage independence, place limits, children have a voice, love and trust established

58
Q

Describe the Neglectful Parenting style

A

lack parental involvement, kids realize they are not important

59
Q

Describe the Permissive Parenting style

A

Parents want to be friend, lack of limits, rules not enforced

60
Q

What are types of Discipline? (3)

A

Power Assertion- use any force needed
Withdrawl of Love- stop speaking to child
Management Techniques- praise, approval mixed with rules

Psy111: Intro to Psychology (12 decks)

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