Chapter 9: Lifespan Development

Question 1

Development is described as being a what?

Answer 1

Lifelong process

Question 2

____ _____ study how we change and grow from birth to death

Answer 2

Developmental Psychologists

Question 3

3 Domains of Developmental Psychology

Answer 3

Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial

Question 4

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 4

Compares groups of individuals of different ages at the same time

Question 5

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 5

Assesses the same subjects multiple times over a lengthy period

Question 6

What does the Cohort effect state?

Answer 6

Differences in people due to historical and social time periods they lived in may effect research ( Ex. Millenials vs Gen Z)

Question 7

What comprises “nature”?

Answer 7

genetics and biology

Question 8

What are examples of components of nature?

Answer 8

eye color, skin color, disease susceptibility, body size, shape, height, intelligence

Question 9

What comprises “nurture”?

Answer 9

environment and culture

Question 10

What are examples of “nurture”?

Answer 10

Experiences, what happens to us individually

Question 11

When does a child’s brain change the most

Answer 11

first 3 years

Question 12

What is an example that shows how important nature is?

Answer 12

The Jim Twins

Question 13

How many stages does Erik Erikson’s theory have?

Answer 13

8 stages

Question 14

Erikson’s theory contains a ____ at each stage in life

Answer 14

crisis

Question 15

Successfully dealing with a crisis=

Answer 15

healthy development

Question 16

Failing to deal with a crisis=

Answer 16

Difficulty dealing with next crisis

Question 17

What is the 1st stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

Answer 17

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 18

What is the positive outcome of Trust vs. Mistrust?

Answer 18

Babies have a sense of trust established

Question 19

What is the negative outcome of Trust vs. Mistrust?

Answer 19

Babies fail to trust caregivers and have insecurity, suspiciousness, and difficulty relating to others later in life.

Question 20

What is the 2nd stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

Answer 20

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 21

What is the positive outcome of Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?

Answer 21

Parent encourages a child to try new skills which builds confidence

Question 22

What is the negative outcome of Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?

Answer 22

Parents ridicule a child and a doubt in ability forms with shame

Question 23

What is the 3rd stage in Erik Erikson’s theory?

Answer 23

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 24

What is the positive outcome of Initiative vs. Guilt?

Answer 24

Children begin to make plans and carry them out

Question 25

What is the negative outcome of Initiative vs. Guilt?

Answer 25

Guilt comes from a parent who criticizes and discourages questions/ideas

Question 26

What is the 4th stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

Answer 26

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 27

What is the positive outcome of Industry vs. Inferiority?

Answer 27

Children learn skills valued by society and learn how to be productive (industry)

Question 28

What is the negative outcome of Industry vs. Inferiority?

Answer 28

Children feel inadequate in society

Question 29

What is the 5th stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

Answer 29

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 30

What is the positive outcome of Identity vs. Role Confusion?

Answer 30

New feelings, body, attitude, must be consistency

Question 31

What is the negative outcome of Identity vs. Role Confusion?

Answer 31

role confusion, uncertainty about who you are

Question 32

What is the 6th stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

Answer 32

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 33

What is the positive outcome of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

Answer 33

Sharing of meaningful love and friendship

Question 34

What is the negative outcome of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

Answer 34

Feeling of isolation

Question 35

What is the 7th stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

Answer 35

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Question 36

What is the positive outcome of Generativity vs Stagnation?

Answer 36

Direction of energy outward, giving back to youth/community

Question 37

What is the negative outcome of Generativity vs. Stagnation?

Answer 37

Selfishness, only cares about ones self

Question 38

What is the 8th stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

Answer 38

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Question 39

What is the positive outcome of Ego Integrity vs. Despair?

Answer 39

Looking back at life in satisfaction and self respect

Question 40

What is the negative outcome of Ego Integrity vs. Despair?

Answer 40

Despair, regret, remorse, too late to change choices

Question 41

What is the order of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development? (4)

Answer 41

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

Question 42

What happens during the Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 42

Object Permanence- objects continue to exist when not in view

Question 43

What happens during the Preoperational Stage?

Answer 43

Children are egocentric, Inability to conserve, cannot understand object stages (s, l, g)

Question 44

What happens during the Concrete Observational Stage?

Answer 44

Children understand conservation, and use reverse thought

Question 45

What happens during the Formal Operational Stage?

Answer 45

thinking becomes abstract and hypothetical thinking

Question 46

_____ is an individuals behavior style and characteristic wats of responding

Answer 46

Temperament

Question 47

What are the 3 types of Temperaments in babies?

Answer 47

Easy, Difficult, Slow to Warm Up

Question 48

Describe Attachment

Answer 48

Close emotional bond between infant and caregiver

Question 49

What was Harlow's Experiment

Answer 49

Used 2 "moms" and a Resus monkey. tested to see which mom monkey will go to when scared... (food mom or comfort mom)

Question 50

What was the result of Harlow's Experiment?

Answer 50

Comfort Cloth Monkey was the Monkey's choice

Question 51

What are the Two Types of Attachment? Describe them

Answer 51

Secure- use caregiver as safe base to explore Insecure- scared, angry, not soothed by caregiver

Question 52

More time with a father= ?

Answer 52

More competence

Question 53

Describe the "Rogue Test"

Answer 53

Babies are put in front of mirror with makeup on. At 16months the baby begins to understand that the child in the mirror is themselves and will attempt to wipe the makeup off of their own nose instead of the mirror

Question 54

____ _____ is the observing of others to obtain information or guidance

Answer 54

Social Referencing

Question 55

What are the 4 parenting styles

Answer 55

Authoritarian, Authoritative, Neglectful, Permissive

Question 56

Describe the Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 56

very strict, control child, child is seen and not heard, lack social skills

Question 57

Describe the Authoritative parenting style

Answer 57

give/encourage independence, place limits, children have a voice, love and trust established

Question 58

Describe the Neglectful Parenting style

Answer 58

lack parental involvement, kids realize they are not important

Question 59

Describe the Permissive Parenting style

Answer 59

Parents want to be friend, lack of limits, rules not enforced

Question 60

What are types of Discipline? (3)

Answer 60

Power Assertion- use any force needed Withdrawl of Love- stop speaking to child Management Techniques- praise, approval mixed with rules