Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards
Describe memory
Set of processes used to encode store and receive information overtime
Memory ___ is the input of info into memory system
encoding
What are the 2 types of encoding? Describe them
Automatic- encoding w/o conscious awareness
Effortual- encoding that requires work/attention
What is the creation of permanent record of info called
Memory storage
How many memory system does info pass thru?
3 stages
What are the 3 stages info passes thru? (in order)
Sensory, short-term, long-term
Describe sensory memory (1st stage)
holds exact copy of info for few seconds
Where does valuable information go from the sensory memory?
Short-term memory
Describe short-term memory
temporary selective (15-30 sec)
attention controls much of the information that moves onto LTM
Short term memory is also called
working memory
____ is the repeating of information
Rehearsal
Where does rehearsed information stay as long as it is being rehearsed
short-term memory
____ is group information together into longer, meaningful units to make them easier
Chunking
Describe long-term memory
continuous storage of information
What are the 2 subcategories of long-term memory? Describe them
Explicit- episodic, work to remember these things, semantic
Implicit- procedural
Memory ___ is the process of getting info out of the LTM
Retrieval
What is the difference between Recall and Recognition?
Recall- access to information w/o clues
Recognition- Identifying information you previously learned
What does the Serial Position Effect state?
We better recall information at the beginning and end of list than information in the middle
What does Context Dependent Learning mean?
We remember better when we recall information better in the same context or place we learned it
_____ ____ are exceptionally clear recollections of important events
Flashbulb Memories
What are some problems with memory?
False memories can be implanted, wording can change the answer to a question (Eyewitness Testimony) Information can be forgotten after 20 minutes, False Memories, Encoding Failure ( details are not remembered about object/ interaction)
Forgetting is caused by what?
Retrieval Failure
What does the Decay Theory state?
Some memories decay while others do not
The process of transferring info from the STM to LTM is called
consolidation
