Chapter 9 - Learning and Decision Making

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

relatively permanent change in one’s knowledge/skills that result from experience - impacts decision making

Question 2

tacit knowledge

Answer 2

learned through experience

Question 3

explicit knowledge

Answer 3

easily communicated to everyone

Question 4

operant conditioning

reinforcement

Answer 4

learn by observing the link between our voluntary behaviour and the consequences that follow

• antecedent: conditiona that precedes behaviour
• behaviour: action performed by employee
• consequence: results after behaviour

Question 5

types of reinforcement

Answer 5

positive, negative, punishment, extinction

extnction: remove positive outcome following an unwanted behaviour

Question 6

schedules of reinforcement

Answer 6

continous, fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio, variable ratio

Question 7

learning through:

Answer 7

observation
social identity theory
behavioural modelling

Question 8

socail identity theory

Answer 8

theory that argues that people in organizations learn by observing others

Question 9

behavioural modeling

Answer 9

repeating the actions we see in others

Question 10

process of learning

Answer 10

attentional processes to retention processes to production processes to reinforcement

Question 11

learning goal orientation

Answer 11

learning orientation, performance prove orientation, performance avoid orientation

learning orientation: when building competence is deemend more important than an employee demonstrating competence
per-prove: when employees demonstrate their competence so others think favourably of them
perf-avoid: when employees focus on demonstrating competene so others dont think less of them

Question 12

decision making

Answer 12

process of generating/choosing from a set of alternative to solve a problem

just bc a decision is made does not mean it is right

• psychological biases and chaotic processes prevent optimal decision making

Question 13

decision making pitfalls

Answer 13

projection bias, steretype, availability, anchoring, framing, confirmation, representative, contrast effect, commitment escalation

Question 14

availability bias

Answer 14

letting our decisions weigh more on info that is easier to recall

Question 15

anchoring bias

Answer 15

letting our attention focus on a single piece of info

Question 16

framing bias

Answer 16

changing how we think about a decision depending on how the problem was framed

Question 17

confirmation bias

Answer 17

looking for things that only confirm our perceptions

Question 18

representative bias

Answer 18

assessing likelihood by comparing it to similar events

Question 19

contrast effect

Answer 19

evaluating something incorrectly based on a reference that is near them

Question 20

commitment escalation

Answer 20

continuing despite a failed course of action

Question 21

fundamental attribution error

faulty attributions

Answer 21

judge others based on internal/external factors

Question 22

self serving bias

Answer 22

attribute own failtures to external factors, successes to internal factors

Question 23

fundamental attribution error

Answer 23

consensus, distinctiveness, consistency

Question 24

consensus

Answer 24

do others behave the same way under same circumstances

if high, external factors, if low, internal factors

Question 25

distinctiveness

Answer 25

if the person being judged acts similarly in different circumstances

high, external factors, low, internal factors

Question 26

consistency

Answer 26

whether the person has behaved this way in similar circunstance

if high, internal factors, if low, external factors