Chapter 9 - Language Development

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols.

Question 2

Infinite Generativity

Answer 2

The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

Question 3

Phonology

Answer 3

The sound system of a language, which includes the sounds used and rules about how they may be combined

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

The rule system that governs how words are formed in a language.

Question 5

Syntax

Answer 5

The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Question 6

Semantics

Answer 6

The meaning of words and sentences.

Question 7

Pragmatics

Answer 7

The appropriate use of language in different contexts.

Question 8

Sequence of Babies Sounds

Answer 8

Crying, cooing, babbling

Question 9

Telegraphic Speech

Answer 9

The use of short, precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives

• Identification: “See doggie.”
• Location: “Book there.”
• Repetition: “More milk.”
• Possession: “My candy.”
• Attribution: “Big car.”
• Agent-action: “Mama walk.”
• Question: “Where ball?”

Question 10

Fast Mapping

Answer 10

A process that helps to explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly.

Question 11

Metalinguistic Awareness

Answer 11

Knowledge about language.

Question 12

Phonics Approach

Answer 12

An approach emphasizing that reading instruction should focus on teaching the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.

Question 13

Whole-Language Approach

Answer 13

An approach stressing that reading instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.

Question 14

Metaphor

Answer 14

An implied comparison between two unlike things.

Question 15

Satire

Answer 15

The use of irony, derision, or wit to expose folly or wickedness.

Question 16

Dialect

Answer 16

A variety of language that is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation

Question 17

Broca’s Area

Answer 17

An area of the brain’s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production and grammatical processing.

Question 18

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 18

An area of the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension

Question 19

Aphasia

Answer 19

A disorder resulting from brain damage to Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area that involves a loss or impairment of the ability to use or comprehend words.

Question 20

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Answer 20

Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment enabling children to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics

Question 21

Child-Directed Speech

Answer 21

Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences.

Question 22

Recasting

Answer 22

Rephrasing a statement that a child has said, perhaps turning it into a question, or restating a child’s immature utterance in the form of a fully grammatical utterance.

Question 23

Expanding

Answer 23

Restating, in a linguistically sophisticated form, what a child has said.

Question 24

Labeling

Answer 24

Identifying the names of objects