Chapter 12 - Gender Flashcards
Gender
The characteristics of people as males and females.
Gender Identity
The sense of being male or female, which most children acquire by the time they are 3 years old.
Gender Role
A set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel.
Gender Typing
Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
Estrogens
Hormones, the most important of which is estradiol, that influence the development of female physical sex characteristics and help regulate the menstrual cycle.
Androgens
Hormones, the most important of which is testosterone, that promote the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics
Social Role Theory
A theory stating that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men—social hierarchy and division of labor strongly influence gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurture.
Psychoanalytic Theory of Gender
A theory that stems from Freud’s view that preschool children develop erotic feelings toward the opposite-sex parent. Eventually these feelings cause anxiety, so that at 5 or 6 years of age, children renounce these feelings and identify with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent’s characteristics.
Social Cognitive Theory of Gender
This theory emphasizes that children’s gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior, and through rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior
Gender Schema Theory
Gender typing emerges as children gradually develop schemas of what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their culture
Gender Stereotypes
General impressions and beliefs about females and males.
Men are powerful; women are weak
Rapport Talk
The language of conversation and a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships; more characteristic of females than of males.
Report Talk
Talk that conveys information; more characteristic of males than females.
Androgyny
The presence of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.
