Chapter 15 - Peers

Question 1

Peers

Answer 1

Children who share the same age or maturity level.

Question 2

Popular Children

Answer 2

Children who are frequently identified as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.

Question 3

Average Children

Answer 3

Children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.

Question 4

Neglected Children

Answer 4

Children who are infrequently identified as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.

Question 5

Rejected Children

Answer 5

Children who are infrequently identified as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.

Question 6

Controversial Children

Answer 6

Children who are frequently identified both as someone’s best friend and as being disliked.

Question 7

Play

Answer 7

A pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake.

Question 8

Play Therapy

Answer 8

Therapy that allows the child to work off frustrations and is a medium through which the therapist can analyze the child’s conflicts and ways of coping with them. Children may feel less threatened and be more likely to express their true feelings in the context of play

Question 9

Sensorimotor Play

Answer 9

Behavior that allows infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemes.

Question 10

Practice Play

Answer 10

Play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports. Practice play can be engaged in throughout life.

Practice play activities such as running, jumping, sliding, twirling, and throwing balls or other objects are frequently observed on the playgrounds

Question 11

Pretense/Symbolic Play

Answer 11

Play that occurs when a child transforms the physical environment into a symbol.

Preschool child treats a table as if it were a car and says, “I’m fixing the car,” as he grabs a leg of the table

Question 12

Social Play

Answer 12

Play that involves interactions with peers.

Question 13

Constructive Play

Answer 13

Play that combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation of ideas. Constructive play occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation or construction of a product or a solution.

Question 14

Games

Answer 14

Activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often competition with one or more individuals

Question 15

Intimacy in Friendship

Answer 15

Self-disclosure or the sharing of private thoughts.

Question 16

Cliques

Answer 16

Small groups that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5 or 6 individuals. Cliques can form because of friendship or because individuals engage in similar activities, and members usually are of the same sex and about the same age.

Question 17

Crowds

Answer 17

The crowd is a larger group structure than a clique. Adolescents usually are members of a crowd based on reputation and may or may not spend much time together. Many crowds are defined by the activities in which adolescents engage.

Question 18

Bullying

Answer 18

Physical or verbal behavior meant to disturb a less powerful individual

Question 19

The functions of play

Answer 19

Include affiliation with peers, tension release, advances in cognitive development, and exploration

Question 20

Types of play

Answer 20

Sensorimotor and practice play, pretense/symbolic play, social play, constructive play, and games.

Question 21

The functions of friendship

Answer 21

Companionship, stimulation, physical support, ego support, social comparison, and intimacy/affection

Question 22

2 most common characteristics of friendships

Answer 22

Similarity and intimacy

Question 23

3 stages characterizing the development of romantic relationships in adolescence:

Answer 23

(1) entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11 to 13 years of age, (2) exploring romantic relationships at approximately 14 to 16 years of age, and (3) consolidating dyadic romantic bonds at about 17 to 19 years of age