Chapter 8 - Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

The ability to solve problems and to adapt to and learn from experiences

Question 2

Mental Age (MA)

Answer 2

An individual’s level of mental development relative to others.

Question 3

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 3

An individual’s mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

William Stern.

Question 4

Normal Distribution

Answer 4

A symmetrical distribution with a majority of the cases falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range

Question 5

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 5

Intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical

Analytical intelligence: analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.
Creative intelligence: create, design, invent, originate, and imagine.
Practical intelligence: use, apply, implement, and put into practice

Sternberg’s theory

Question 6

Gardner’s Eight Frames of Mind

Answer 6

• Verbal skills: The ability to think in words and to use language to express meaning. Occupations: Authors, journalists, speakers.
• Mathematical skills: The ability to carry out mathematical operations. Occupations: Scientists, engineers, accountants.
• Spatial skills: The ability to think three-dimensionally. Occupations: Architects, artists, sailors.
• Bodily-kinesthetic skills: The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept. Occupations: Surgeons, craftspeople, dancers, athletes.
• Musical skills: A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone. Occupations: Composers, musicians, and music therapists.
• Intrapersonal skills: The ability to understand oneself and eff ectively direct one’s life. Occupations: Theologians, psychologists.
• Interpersonal skills: The ability to understand and eff ectively interact with others. Occupations: Teachers, mental health professionals.
• Naturalist skills: The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems. Occupations: Farmers, botanists, ecologists, landscapers.

Question 7

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 7

Ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others

Question 8

Heritability

Answer 8

The fraction of the variance in a population that is attributed to genetics

Highest degree of heritabilty is 1.00, and correlations of .70 and above suggest a strong genetic influence

Question 9

Culture-Fair Tests

Answer 9

Intelligence tests that aim to avoid cultural bias

Question 10

Stereotype Threat

Answer 10

Anxiety that one’s behavior might confirm a stereotype about one’s group

Question 11

Developmental Quotient (DQ)

Answer 11

An overall developmental score that combines subscores on motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants.

Question 12

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Answer 12

Initially created by Nancy Bayley, these scales are widely used in assessing infant development. The current version has five scales: cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive

Question 13

Intellectual Disability

Answer 13

A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to everyday life; and (3) has an onset of these characteristics by age 18.

Question 14

Gifted

Answer 14

Possession of above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something.

Question 15

Creativity

Answer 15

The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems.

Question 16

Divergent Thinking

Answer 16

Thinking that produces many answers to the same question; characteristic of creativity.

Question 17

Convergent Thinking

Answer 17

Thinking that produces one correct answer; characteristic of the kind of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests

Question 18

Brainstorming

Answer 18

A technique in which children are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off one another’s ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind