Chapter 9-Language and Thought Flashcards
Language and Thought
language
system for communicating with others using signals that are combined according to rules of grammar and convey meaning
grammar
a set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages
phoneme
smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than random noise
phonological rules
a set of rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds
morphemes
smallest meaningful units of language
morphological rules
a set of rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words
syntactical rules
a set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences
deep structure
meaning of a sentence
surface structure
how a sentence is worded
fast mapping
the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure
telegraphic speech
speech that is devoid of function morphemes and consists more of content words
nativist theory
view that language development is best explained as an innate biological capacity
language acquisition device (LAD)
collection of processes that facilitate language learning
genetic dysphasia
a syndrom characterized by an inability to learn the grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence
aphasia
difficulty in producing or comprehending language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
proposal that language shapes the nature of thought
concept
a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli