Chapter 8- Emotion and Motivation Development Flashcards
Emotion
Positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity.
James-Lange theory
theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
Cannon-Bard theory
theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain
Two-factor theory
theory about the relationship between emotional experience and physiological activity suggesting that emotions are inferences about the cases of undifferentiated physiological arousal
Appraisal
an evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus that is performed by the amygdala
Emotion regulation
the use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’s emotional experience
Reappraisal
strategy that involves changing one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus
Emotional expression
any observable sign of an emotional state
Affective forecasting
process by which people predict their emotional reactions to future events
Universal hypothesis
hypothesis that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone
Facial feedback hypothesis
hypothesis that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify
Display rules
norms for the control of emotional expression
Motivation
purpose for or cause of an action
Hedonic principle
notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
Homeostasis
tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state
Drive
internal state by departures from physiological optimality
Bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake
Metabolism
rate at which energy is used by the body
Human sexual arousal response cycle
stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity (4 stages: excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasm phase, resolution phase)
Extrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward
Intrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding
Conscious motivation
a motivation of which one is aware
Unconscious motivation
a motivation of which one is not aware
Need for achievement
motivation to solve worthwhile problems
Approach motivation
motivation to experience positive outcomes
Avoidance motivation
motivation not to experience negative outcomes
Mortality-Salience hypothesis
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