Chapter 5-Consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

a person’s subjective experience to the world and the mind

Question 2

phenomenology

Answer 2

how things seem to the conscious person

Question 3

problem of other minds

Answer 3

fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others

Question 4

mind and body problem

Answer 4

issue of how the mind is related to both the brain and the body

Question 5

dichotic listening

Answer 5

a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented to each ear

Question 6

cocktail party phenomenon

Answer 6

phenomenon in which people tune in one message even when they filter out others near by

Question 7

minimal consciousness

Answer 7

low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

Question 8

full consciousness

Answer 8

consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 9

self-consciousness

Answer 9

a distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as the object

Question 10

mental control

Answer 10

the attempt to change conscious states of mind

Question 11

thought suppression

Answer 11

the conscious avoidance of a thought

Question 12

rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 12

tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

Question 13

ironic processes of mental control

Answer 13

mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them

Question 14

dynamic unconscious

Answer 14

an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

Question 15

repression

Answer 15

mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Question 16

cognitive unconscious

Answer 16

the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person

Question 17

subliminal perception

Answer 17

a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving

Question 18

altered states of consciousness

Answer 18

forms of experience that depart form the normal subjective experience of the world and mind

Question 19

circadian rhythm

Answer 19

a naturally occurring 24 hr cycle

Question 20

REM sleep

Answer 20

stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

Question 21

electrooculograph (EOG)

Answer 21

instrument that measures eyemovements

Question 22

insomnia

Answer 22

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Question 23

sleep apnea

Answer 23

disorder in which person stops breathing for short periods while asleep

Question 24

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 24

occurs when person arrises and walks around while asleep

Question 25

narcolepsy

Answer 25

disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

Question 26

sleep paralysis

Answer 26

experience of waking up unable to move

Question 27

night terrors (sleep terrors)

Answer 27

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Question 28

manifest content

Answer 28

a dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning

Question 29

latent content

Answer 29

a dream’s true underlying meaning

Question 30

activation synthesis model

Answer 30

theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep

Question 31

psychoactive drug

Answer 31

chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brains the chemical message system

Question 32

drug tolerance

Answer 32

the tendency for larger of doses of a drug to be required overtime to achieve the same effect

Question 33

depressants

Answer 33

substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

Question 34

expectancy degree

Answer 34

the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

Question 35

balanced placebo desire

Answer 35

a study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus

Question 36

alcohol myopia

Answer 36

a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

Question 37

stimulants

Answer 37

substances that excite the central nervous system and heightening arousal and activity levels

Question 38

narcotics or opiates

Answer 38

highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain

Question 39

hallucinogens

Answer 39

drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

Question 40

marihuana

Answer 40

the leaves and buds of the hemp plant

Question 41

harm reduction approach

Answer 41

a response to high risk behaviors that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people’s lives

Question 42

hypnosis

Answer 42

an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility in the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily

Question 43

posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 43

failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

Question 44

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 44

reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hynosis

Question 45

meditation

Answer 45

practice of intentional contemplation

Question 46

consciousness is…

Answer 46

subjective experience, awareness of subjective experience