Chapter 5-Consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
a person’s subjective experience to the world and the mind
phenomenology
how things seem to the conscious person
problem of other minds
fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others
mind and body problem
issue of how the mind is related to both the brain and the body
dichotic listening
a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented to each ear
cocktail party phenomenon
phenomenon in which people tune in one message even when they filter out others near by
minimal consciousness
low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior
full consciousness
consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state
self-consciousness
a distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as the object
mental control
the attempt to change conscious states of mind
thought suppression
the conscious avoidance of a thought
rebound effect of thought suppression
tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression
ironic processes of mental control
mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them
dynamic unconscious
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces
repression
mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness
cognitive unconscious
the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person
subliminal perception
a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving
altered states of consciousness
forms of experience that depart form the normal subjective experience of the world and mind
circadian rhythm
a naturally occurring 24 hr cycle
REM sleep
stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity
electrooculograph (EOG)
instrument that measures eyemovements
insomnia
difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
sleep apnea
disorder in which person stops breathing for short periods while asleep
somnambulism (sleepwalking)
occurs when person arrises and walks around while asleep
narcolepsy
disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
sleep paralysis
experience of waking up unable to move
night terrors (sleep terrors)
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
manifest content
a dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning
latent content
a dream’s true underlying meaning
activation synthesis model
theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep
psychoactive drug
chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brains the chemical message system
drug tolerance
the tendency for larger of doses of a drug to be required overtime to achieve the same effect
depressants
substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system
expectancy degree
the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations
balanced placebo desire
a study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus
alcohol myopia
a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system and heightening arousal and activity levels
narcotics or opiates
highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
hallucinogens
drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
marihuana
the leaves and buds of the hemp plant
harm reduction approach
a response to high risk behaviors that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people’s lives
hypnosis
an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility in the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily
posthypnotic amnesia
failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget
hypnotic analgesia
reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hynosis
meditation
practice of intentional contemplation
consciousness is…
subjective experience, awareness of subjective experience
