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Psych 1 > Chapter 14- Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

medical model

A

the conceptualization of psychological disorders as diseases that, like physical diseases, have biological causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

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2
Q

DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

A

a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicated how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems

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3
Q

comorbidity

A

the co-occurance of two or more psychological disorders

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4
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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5
Q

anxiety disorder

A

the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

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6
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

a disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompianied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance

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7
Q

phobic disorder

A

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations

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8
Q

specific phobia

A

a disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function

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9
Q

social phobia

A

a disorder that involved an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

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10
Q

preparedness theory

A

the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

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11
Q

panic disorder

A

a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

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12
Q

agoraphobia

A

an extreme fear of venturing into public places

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13
Q

obsessive- compulsive disorder

A

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thought (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere with an individual’s functioning

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14
Q

mood disorders

A

mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature

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15
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a disorder characterized by a severely depressed modd that lasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep or appetite disturbance

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16
Q

dysthymia

A

a disorder that involves the same symptoms of depression only less severe but the symptoms last longer persisting for at least 2 years

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17
Q

double depression

A

a moderately depressed mood that persist for at least 2 years and is punctuated by periods of major depression

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18
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

depression that involved recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

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19
Q

helplessness theory

A

the idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (i.e., their own fault, stable (i.e., unlikely to change), and global (i.e., widespread)

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20
Q

bipolar disorder

A

an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

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21
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years

22
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that are at different times take control of the individual’s behavior

23
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information

24
Q

dissociative fugue

A

the sudden loss of memory for one’s personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity

25
Q

schizophrenia

A

a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes, a distorted percception of reality, altered or blunted emotions, and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior

26
Q

delusion

A

a patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality

27
Q

hallucination

A

a false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation

28
Q

disorganized speech

A

a severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic

29
Q

grossly disorganized behavior

A

behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances

30
Q

catatonic behavior

A

a marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity

31
Q

negative symptoms

A

emotional and social withdrawal. apathy, poverty of speech, and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation, and emotion

32
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity

33
Q

personality disorder

A

disorder characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning

34
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood

35
Q

mental illness

A

physical illness that drastically impairs normal thought or feeling

36
Q

stress present + diathesis present

A

physically ill

37
Q

stress present + diathesis absent

A

healthy

38
Q

stress absent + diathesis present

A

healthy but vulnerable

39
Q

stress absent + diathesis absent

A

healthy

40
Q

disorders (high arousal, positive)

A

mania

41
Q

disorders (high arousal, negative)

A

GAD, panic disorder, phobia, OCD, PTSD)

42
Q

disorders (low arousal, negative)

A

depression

43
Q

side effects of panic disorder

A

labored breathing, heart palpitations, nausea, chest pain, choking, dizziness, sweating, trembling, sense of doom and terror, depersonalization, derealization

44
Q

OCD obsessions and compulsion examples

A

obsessions: (contamination, violent and disturbing images, intrusive sexual thoughts and fantasies). compulsions: (repeated hand washing, putting things in order, checking, very frequent praying that interferes with life, counting, repeating words silently)

45
Q

symptoms of depression

A

(sad most of day, nearly all day), loss of interest in normal pleasures, sleep difficulty, shift in activity level (up or down), shift in appetite and weight, fatigue and lack of energy, negative self-concept, difficulty concentrating or deciding, morbid or suicidal ideation

46
Q

symptoms of bipolar/mania

A

hypersexuality, talkativeness and rapid speech flight of ideas, racing thoughts, insomnia, inflated self esteem (special powers and insights), distractibility, excessive hedonism

47
Q

+(only present in these patients) symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate affect

48
Q

types of delusions in schizophrenia patients

A

grandeur (i can do anything), persecution (everyone is out to get me), and external agency (i am being controlled by others)

49
Q

types of hallucinations in schizophrenia patients

A

narration and criticism and argument

50
Q
  • (lacking) symptoms of schizophrenia
A

lack of motivation, social engagement, speech , concentration, affect, movement (in some cases)

51
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A

diathesis (heritability, biological markers of vulnerability, prenatal trauma), and stress (poverty, family dynamics

52
Q

feeling disorders vs. thought disorders

A

feeling disorders are exaggerations of normal feeling and are relatively common. thought disorders are unrelated to normal thinking and are relatively rare

Psych 1 (10 decks)

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