Chapter 9 Key Terms And People Flashcards
Territories acquired by the federal government from the states, encompassing land northwest of the Ohio River, East of the Mississippi, and south of the Great Lakes. The well organized management and sale of the land in the territories under the land ordinances of 1785 and 1787 established a precedent for handling future land acquisitions.
Old Northwest(165)
Provided for the sale of land in the Old Northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt
Land Ordinance of 1785(166)
Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories
Northwest Ordinance(166)
Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures. Tough quickly put down, the insurrection inspired fears of “mob rule” among leading Revolutionaries.
Shay’s Rebellion(168)
“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus promoted smaller states to come back with their own plan apportioning representation.
Virginia Plan(170)
“Small-state plan” put forth at the Philadelphia convention, proposing equal representation by state, regardless of population, in a unicameral legislature. Small states feared that the more populous states would dominate the agenda under a proportional system.
New Jersey Plan(170)
Popular term for the measure that reconciled the New jersey and Virginia Plans at the Constitutional Convention, giving states proportional representation in the Hour and equal representation in the Senate. The compromise broke the stalemate at the convention and paved the way for subsequent compromises over slavery and the Electoral College.
Great Compromise(171)
Laws that originate fro court rulings and customs, as opposed to legislative statutes. The US Constitution grew out of the Anglo-American common law tradition and thus provided only a general organizational framework for the new federal government
common law(171)
Body of written law enacted through legislative statutes or constitutional provisions. In countries where civil law prevails, judges must apply the statutes precisely as written.
civil law(171)
determined that each slave would be counted a three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation. The compromise granted disproportionate political power to southern slave states.
three-fifths compromise(172)
opponents of the 1787 Constitution, they cast the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central government, and feared encroachment of individuals’ liberties in the absence of a bill of rights. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, George Mason, Patrick Henry, and Sam Adams.
antifederalists(173)
Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safe-guard the peoples’s liberties.
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, William Paterson and John Marshall.
Federalists(174)
Collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and published during the ratification debate in New York to lay out the Federalists’ arguments in favor of the new Constitution. Since their publication, these influential essays have served as an important source of constitutional interpretation.
“The Federalist”(176)
Exclusive, hereditary organization of former officers in the Continental Army. Many resented the pretentiousness of the order, viewing it as a vestige of pre-Revolutionary traditions.
Society of Cincinnati(178)
to separate an official state church from its connection with the government. Following the Revolution, all states disestablished the Anglican Church, though some New England states maintained established Congregational Churches well into the nineteenth century.
disestablished(178)
measure enacted by the Virginia legislature prohibiting state support for religious institution and recognizing freedom of worship. Served as a model for the religion clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution.
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom(178)
willingness on the part of citizens to sacrifice personal interest for the public good. Deemed a necessary component of a successful republic.
civic virtue(179)
ideal of family organization and female behavior after the american revolution that stressed the role of women in guiding family members toward republican virtue.
republican motherhood(179)
believed Britain would win back American because they would be excluded from world trade.
Lord Sheffield
Revolutionary War veteran who led a group of debtors and impoverished back country farmers in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government in 1786, the rebellion was quickly put down.
Daniel Shays
American Revolutionary and champion of states rights, he became a prominent antifederalist in the ratification debate
Patrick Henry
First American Constitution that established the United States Asa loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes. The Articles where replaced by a more efficient Constitution in 1789
Articles of Confederation(163)
