Chapter 12 Key Terms and People

Question 1

Resounding victory of American forces against the British restoring American confidence and fueling an outpouring of nationalism. Final battle of the War of 1812.

Answer 1

Battle of New Orleans(228)

Question 2

Convention of major European powers to redraw the boundaries of continental Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France.

Answer 2

Congress of Vienna(229)

Question 3

Ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war.

Answer 3

Treaty of Ghent(229)

Question 4

Convention of Federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of southern and western interests in Congress and in the White House.

Answer 4

Hartford Convention(230)

Question 5

signed by Britain and the US, it established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the US Canadian border, complete in the 1870s.

Answer 5

Rush-Bagot agreement(232)

Question 6

First protective tariff in American history, called primarily to shield New England Manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.

Answer 6

Tariff of 1816(233)

Question 7

Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally founded transportation network.

Answer 7

American System(233)

Question 8

Popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Monroe’s presidency. The term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slave , and the national bank.

Answer 8

Era of Good Feelings(234)

Question 9

Severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the efforts of the Bank of the US to curb over speculation on western lands. Its disproportionately affected the poorer classes, especially in the west, sowing the seeds of Jacksonian democracy.

Answer 9

The Panic of 1819(235)

Question 10

Fueled the settlement of the North-west and Missouri Territories by lowering the price of public land. Also prohibited the purchase of federal acreage on credit, thereby elimination one of the causes of the panic of 1819.

Answer 10

Land Act of 1820(236)

Question 11

Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri Territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation. Southerners vehemently opposed the amendment, which they perceived as a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Answer 11

Tallmadge amendment(236)

Question 12

widely used term for the institution of American slavery in the South. Its use the first half of the nineteenth century reflected a growing division between the North, where slavery was gradually abolished, and the South, where slavery became increasingly entrenched.

Answer 12

peculiar institution(236)

Question 13

Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquires in the Louisiana Purchase, north of the 36 30’

Answer 13

Missouri Compromise(237)

Question 14

Supreme Court case that strengthened the federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by establishing that the State of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank.

Answer 14

McCulloh v. Maryland(240)

Question 15

legal doctrine that the federal government can use powers not specifically grand=ted or prohibited in the Constitution to carry out its constitutionally mandated responsibilities

Answer 15

loose construction(240)

Question 16

Case that reinforced the federal supremacy by establishing the right of the supreme court to review decisions of the supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government.

Answer 16

Cohens v. Virginia(240)

Question 17

Suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reassured that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce

Answer 17

Gibbons v. Ogden(240)

Question 18

Established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal Constitution.

Answer 18

Fletcher v Peck(240)

Question 19

Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University’s original charter against the changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations form domination by state governments.

Answer 19

Dartmouth College v. Woodward(240)

Question 20

Signed by Britain and the US, he pact allowed New England fisherman access to Newfoundland fisheries, establishing the northern border of the Louisiana territory , and provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for ten years.

Answer 20

Anglo-American Convention(241)

Question 21

Under the agreement, Spain ceded Florida to the US, and the two nations agreed on the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase. Spain retained the territory from Texas to California while abandoning its claims to the Oregon country.

Answer 21

Florida Purchase Treaty, Adams-Onis Treaty(242)

Question 22

statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The US largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets

Answer 22

Monroe Doctrine(244)

Question 23

Fixed the line of 54 40’ as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America.

Answer 23

Russo-American Treaty(245)

Question 24

British military officer during the War of 1812. Captured for Michilimackinac, which commanded upper great lakes.

Answer 24

Isaac Brock

Question 25

American Naval officer, built a fleet on Lake Erie and captured British ships, the redcoats were forced to flee General Harrison was able to beat them in the battle of Thames

Answer 25

Oliver Hazard Perry

Question 26

commander of an american fleet on lake champlain. able to defeat british

Answer 26

Thomas Macdonough

Question 27

writer of the Star Spangled Banner inspired by seeing Washington burn and the Americans stand strong at Fort Mchenry.

Answer 27

Francis Scott Key

Question 28

revolutionary war soldier, statesman, and 5th president. As president he supported protective tariffs and a national bank but maintained a jeffersonian opposition to federally-funded internal improvements. Though he sought to transcend partisanship, even undertaking a goodwill tour of the US in 1817, his presidency was rocked by bitter partisanship and sectional conflicts.

Answer 28

James Monroe

Question 29

British foreign secretary. proposed that American with Britain would renounce any interest in acquiring latin american territory. This was proposed because the British feared that if Americans acquired territory in Spanish America, Cuba to be specific, their Caribbean possessions would be jeopardized.

Answer 29

George Canning

Question 30

Fought between Britain and US largely over the issues of trade and impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America’s willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers.

Answer 30

War of 1812(226)