Chapter 11 Key Terms and People

Question 1

Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created 16 new federal judgeships, ensuring a Federalist hold on the judicial branch.

Answer 1

Judiciary Act of 1801(210)

Question 2

federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency. Their positions were revoked when the newly elected Republican Congress repealed the Judiciary Act

Answer 2

midnight judges(210)

Question 3

Supreme Court case that established the principle of “judicial review” -the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.

Answer 3

Marbury v. Madison(211)

Question 4

Four-Year conflict between the American navy and the North African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediterranean. Jefferson, a staunch noninterventionist, reluctantly deployed American forces, eventually securing a peace treaty with Tripoli

Answer 4

Tripolitan War(213)

Question 5

War incited by a slave uprising in French-controlled Saint Domingue, resulting in the creation of the first independent black republic in the Americas.

Answer 5

Haitian Revolution(213)

Question 6

Acquisition of Louisiana Territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the US, opening vast tracts for settlement.

Answer 6

Louisiana Purchase(214)

Question 7

term of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed account of West’s flora, fauna, and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west.

Answer 7

Corps of Discovery(215)

Question 8

Edicts issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping. The French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.

Answer 8

Orders in Council(217)

Question 9

Acts of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France, 1793-1815. Impressment was a continual source of conflict between Britain and the US in the early national period.

Answer 9

Impressment(217)

Question 10

Conflict between Britain and the US the precipitated the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.

Answer 10

Chesapeake affair(218)

Question 11

Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port. The embargo placed great stains on the American economy, while only marginally affecting its European targets, and was therefore repealed in 1809.

Answer 11

Embargo Act(218)

Question 12

passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France. The act continued Jefferson’s policy of economic coercion, still with little effect.

Answer 12

Non-intercourse Act(220)

Question 13

Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the US would reinstate the embargo against the non repealing nation. When Napoleon offered to lift his restriction on British ports, the US was forced to declare an embargo on Britain, thereby pushing the two nations closer toward war.

Answer 13

Macon’s Bill No. 2(220)

Question 14

Democratic-Republicans congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely drawn from the South and West, the war hawks resented British Constraints on American trade and accused Britain of supporting the Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier.

Answer 14

War Hawks(221)

Question 15

Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, “the Prophet,” at the hands of William Henry Harrison in the Indiana wilderness. After the battle, the Prophet’s brother, Tecumseh, forged an alliance with the British against the US.

Answer 15

Battle of Tippecanoe(222)

Question 16

Author of The Declaration of Independence, Ambassador to France, 3rd President, and Important Anti-federalist then democratic republican.

Answer 16

Thomas Jefferson

Question 17

had an alleged affair with Thomas Jefferson, also his slave. her children were soon discovered to be Thomas Jefferson’s children.

Answer 17

Sally Hemings

Question 18

He was called the “Watchdog of the Treasury,” and proved to be as able as Alexander Hamilton. He agreed with Jefferson that a national debt was a bane rather than a blessing. Using strict controls of the economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and he balanced the budget.

Answer 18

Albert Gallatin

Question 19

Chief Justice. Ruled that the Supreme Court could not compel Madison to deliver Marbury’s commission. Then he argued that the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction. WAS THE JUDGE OF THE CASE. Helped keep the federalist party alive through the judicial branch.

Answer 19

John Marshall

Question 20

supreme court justice of whom the Congress tried to remove; in retaliation of the John Marshall’s decision regarding Marbury; However he was not removed due to a lack of votes in the senate

Answer 20

Samuel Chase

Question 21

dominated French and European history from 1799-1815. Brought the French Revolution to an end in 1799;born into nobility 1797 a conquering hero in France, but in 1799 abandoned his army against the British. Sold the Louisiana purchase to Thomas Jefferson.

Answer 21

Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 22

American minister, negotiated in Paris for a window to buy the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. Ended up buying the Louisiana purchase on behalf of Thomas Jefferson.

Answer 22

Robert R. Livingston

Question 23

leader of Haitian Revolution that resulted in first free African american republic in the americas.

Answer 23

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Question 24

American soldier and explorer who led the famous expedition throughout the Louisiana territory.

Answer 24

Meriwether Lewis

Question 25

Joined Meriwether Lewis in the exploration of the Louisiana Territory, also known as the Corps of Discovery

Answer 25

William Clark

Question 26

native american that helped lead lewis and clark in their discoveries in the Louisiana territory.

Answer 26

Sacajawea

Question 27

Revolutionary War soldier and Vice President under Thomas Jefferson, most famous for fatally wounding Alexander Hamilton in a duel. Took part in the New England convention to plot secession. Struck and Alliance with James Wilkinson and planned to take west for themselves and create a new union

Answer 27

Aaron Burr

Question 28

Louisiana Officer, and sometimes spy for Spanish crown. proposed a plot with Aaron Burr to take west for themselves. Was supposed to meet him at Natchez but heard Thomas Jefferson learned of their plan and fled to New Orleans.

Answer 28

James Wilkinson

Question 29

Principal author of the Constitution and co-author of The Federalist, 4th President of the United States. Accept Macon’s Bill which ultimately led to war.

Answer 29

James Madison

Question 30

Accomplished Shawnee warrior, he sought to established a confederacy of Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. “The Prophet” was defeated by William Henry Harrison in the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 he died in 1813.

Answer 30

Tecumseh

Question 31

Leader of the Indian Confederacy. Attacked Harrison’s army with a small group of shawnee’s was easily defeated.

Answer 31

Tenskwatawa (“The Prophet”)

Question 32

Electoral victory of Democratic-Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their congressional majorit and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America’s political system

Answer 32

Revolution of 1800(206)