Chapter 10 Key Terms and People

Question 1

Organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts, and he office of the attorney general.

Answer 1

Judiciary Act of 1789(184)

Question 2

payment of debts, such as government bonds, at face value. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that the federal government pay its Revolutionary war debts in full in order to bolster the nation’s credit.

Answer 2

funding at par(185)

Question 3

Transfer of debt from one party to another. IN order to strengthen the union, the federal government assumed states’ Revolutionary War debts in 1790, thereby tying the interest of wealthy lenders with those of the national government

Answer 3

assumption(185)

Question 4

Tax levied on imports. Traditionally, manufacturers support tariffs as protective and revenue-raising measures, while agricultural interests, dependent on world markets, oppose high tariffs

Answer 4

tariff(186)

Question 5

tax on goods produced domestically. Excise taxes, particularly in 1791 tax on whisky, were a highly controversial component of Alexander Hamilton’s financial program.

Answer 5

excise tax(186)

Question 6

Chartered by Congress as part of Alexander Hamilton’s financial program, the bank printed paper money and served as a depository for Treasury funds. It drew opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans, who argued that the bank was unconstituional.

Answer 6

Bank of the United States(187)

Question 7

Popular term for the first ten amendments to the US Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to the states al powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the Constitution.

Answer 7

Bill of Rights(184)

Question 8

Popular uprising of whiskey distiller in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on whiskey. In a show of strength and resolve by the new central government, Washington put down the rebellion with a militia drawn from several states.

Answer 8

Whisky Rebellion(187)

Question 9

Ten-month period of brutal repression when some forty thousand individuals were executed as enemies to the French Revolution. While many Jeffersonians maintained their faith in the French Republic, Federalists withdrew their already luke-warm support once the Reign of Terror commenced.

Answer 9

Reign of Terror(192)

Question 10

Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America’s formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France, a statement that enraged pro-French Jeffersonians.

Answer 10

Neutrality Proclamation(192)

Question 11

Decisive battle between the Miami Confederacy and the US army. British forces refused to shelter the routed Indians, forcing the latter to attain a peace settlement with the United States.

Answer 11

Battle of Fallen Timbers(193)

Question 12

Under the terms of the treaty, the Miami Confederacy agreed to cede territory in the Old Northwest to the US in exchange for cash payment, hunting rights, and formal recognition of their sovereign status.

Answer 12

Treaty of Greenville(193)

Question 13

Negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay in an effort to avoid war with Britain, the treaty included a British promise to evacuate outposts on the US soil and pay for damages for seized American vessels, in exchange Jay bound the US to repay pre-Revolutionary war debts and to abide by Britain’s restrictive trading policies toward France. Failed

Answer 13

Jay’s Treaty(195)

Question 14

Signed with Spain, which, fearing an Anglo-American alliance, granted Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the disputed territory of Florida.

Answer 14

Pinckney’s Treaty(195)

Question 15

George Washington’s address at the end of his presidency, warning against “permanent alliances” with other nations. Washington did not oppose all alliances, but believe that the young, fledgling nation should forge temporary alliance in extraordinary circumstances.

Answer 15

Farewell Address(195)

Question 16

Diplomatic conflict between France and the US when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the US called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Carribean.

Answer 16

XYZ Affair(197)

Question 17

Agreement to formally dissolve the US treaty with France, originally signed during the Revolutionary War. The difficulties posed by America’s peacetime alliance with France contributed to Americans’ long-standing opposition to entangling alliances with foreign powers.

Answer 17

Convention of 1800(198)

Question 18

Acts passed by a Federalist Congress raising the residency requirement for citizenship to fourteen years and granting the president the power to deport dangerous foreigners in times of peace.

Answer 18

Alien Laws(198)

Question 19

Enacted by the Federalist Congress in an effort to clamp down on Jeffersonian Opposition, the law made anyone convicted of defaming government officials or interfering with government policies liable to imprisonment and a have fine. The act drew heavy criticism from Republicans, who let the act expire in 1801.

Answer 19

Sedition Acts(198)

Question 20

Statements secretly drafted y jeffersonian and madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia. Argued that states were final arbiters of whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefor nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional.

Answer 20

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions(200)

Question 21

Revolutionary War hero and 1st President of the US became known from French and Indian War commander of the continental army.

Answer 21

George Washington

Question 22

Revolutionary War soldier and first sec of treasury argued for ratification of the constitution in The Federalist. Also strong supporter of the BUS.

Answer 22

Alexander Hamilton

Question 23

King of France before the French Revolution. Was beheaded during the reign of terror.

Answer 23

Louis XVI

Question 24

French representative in America though the neutrality proclamation did not represent what the people wanted. He tried to invade Spanish Florida, Louisiana, and British Canada.

Answer 24

Edmond Genêt

Question 25

Miami Indian Chief whose warriors routed American forces in 1790 and 1791 along the Ohio frontier. In 1794 he was defeated by General “Mad” Anthony Wayne at the battle of the fallen timbers. The war officially ended with the Treaty of Greenville in 1795.

Answer 25

Little Turtle

Question 26

General that defeated the Miami Confederacy

Answer 26

“Mad Anthony” Wayne

Question 27

leading american revolutionary and diplomat who negotiated the treaty of paris and much later Jays Treaty of 1794. Was the first chief justice and later the governor of New York

Answer 27

John Jay

Question 28

2nd president, no desire to the people hamilton hated him and denounced him.

Answer 28

John Adams

Question 29

French foreign minister whose attempts to solicit bribes from American envoys in the infamous XYZ affair prompted widespread calls for war with France.

Answer 29

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand