Chapter 15 Key Terms and People Flashcards
(46 cards)
eighteenth-century religious doctrine that emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge. Most Deists rejected biblical inerrancy and the divinity of Christ, but the did believe that a Supreme Being created the universe.
Deism(309)
Religious revival characterized by emotional mass “camp meetings” and widespread conversion. Brought about a democratization of religion as multiplicity of denominations vied for members
Second Great Awakening(310)
Popular name for western New York a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.
Burned-Over District(311)
Religious followers of Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s, officially known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Mormons, facing deep hostility from their non-Mormon neighbors, eventually migrated west and established a flourishing settlement in the Utah desert.
Mormons(312)
(from the Greek name for the ancient Athenian school where Aristotle taught.) Public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy. Part of a broader flourishing of higher education in the mid-nineteenth century.
Lyceum(316)
Founded in Boston in 1826 as part of a growing effort of nineteenth-century reformers to limit alcohol consumptions.
American Temperance Society(318)
Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. A dozen other states followed Maine’s lead, though most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade.
Maine Law of 1851(318)
Gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her “Declaration of Sentiments,” stating that “all men and women are created equal.”
Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls(320)
Communal society of around one thousand members, established in New Harmony, Indiana, by Robert Owe. The community attracted a hodgepodge of individuals, from scholars to crooks, and fell apart due to infighting and confusion after just two years.
New Harmony(321)
Transcendentalist commune founded by a group of intellectuals, who emphasized living plainly while pursuing the life of the mind. The community fell into debt and dissolved when their communal home burned to the ground in 1846.
Brook Farm(322)
ONe of the more radical utopian communities established in the nineteenth century, it advocated “free love,” birth control, and eugenics. Utopian communities reflected the reformist spirit of the age.
Oneida Community(322)
Called “shakers” for their lively dance worship, they emphasized simple, communal living and were all expected to practice celibacy. First transplanted to America from England by Mother Ann Lee, the Shakers counted six thousand members by the 1840, though by the 1940s the movement had largely died out.
Shakers(322)
Early national style of architecture that borrowed from neoclassical models and emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint. Famous builders associated with this style included Charles Bullfinch and Benjamin Latrobe.
Federal Style(326)
Inspired by the contemporary Greek independence movement this building style, popular between 1820 and 1850, imitated ancient Greek structural forms in search of a democratic architectural venracular
Greek Revival(326)
American artistic movement that produced romantic rendition of local landscapes.
Hudson River School(327)
Variety shows performed by white actors in blackface. First popularized in the mid-nineteenth century.
minstrel shows(327)
Early nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that, in reaction to the hyper-rational Enlightenment, emphasize imagination over reason, nature over civilization, intuition over calculation, and the self over society.
romanticism(328)
Literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicted pon a belief that each person posses an “inner light” that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God.
transcendentalism(329)
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s address at Harvard College, in which he declared an intellectual independence from Europe, urging American scholars to develop their own traditions.
“The American Scholar”(330)
Methodist preacher during the Second Great Awakening. He was a traveling Preacher. He inspired a new generation to get religious. He is also known for punching people who tried to stop his meetings
Peter Cartwright
Rival Evangelist preacher. Preached in New York. Encouraged people to display their religion in public
Charles Grandison Finney
Creator of the Book of Mormon, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Dealt with persecution. ultimately murders
Joseph Smith
A Mormon leader that led his oppressed followers to Utah in 1846. Under Young’s management, his Mormon community became a prosperous frontier theocracy and a cooperative commonwealth. He became the territorial governor in 1850. Unable to control the hierarchy of Young, Washington sent a federal army in 1857 against the harassing Mormons
Brigham Young
He was an idealistic graduate of Brown University, secretary of the Massachusetts board of education. He was involved in the reformation of public education (1825-1850). He campaigned for better school houses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum. He caused a reformation of the public schools, many of the teachers were untrained for that position. Led to educational advances in text books by Noah Webster and Ohioan William H. McGuffey.
Horace Mann