Chapter 9 - Joints

Question 1

fibrous joint

Answer 1

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other

Question 2

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 2

• sutures: skull bones
• gomphoses: teeth to jaw
• syndesmoses: two bones joined by long collagen fibers

Question 3

cartilaginous joint

Answer 3

2 bones are linked by cartilage
2 types:
synchondroses
symphyses

Question 4

types of cartilaginous joints

synchondroses

Answer 4

bones joined by hyaline cartilage
* temporary joints in the epiphyseal plates in children
* binds epiphysis and diaphysis
* first rib attachemnt to sternum

Question 5

symphyses

Answer 5

2 bones joined by fibrocartilage
* pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 6

synovial joint

Answer 6

• fluid-filled joint cavity
• most familar type of joint

Question 7

synarthrosis vs amphiarthrosis vs diarthrosis

Answer 7

synarthrosis: immobile joint
amphiarthrosis: slightly moblie joint
diarthrosis: freely moblie joint

Question 8

mobility vs stability

Answer 8

mobility is inversely related to stability
(more mobile = less stable

Question 9

abduction

Answer 9

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Question 10

hyperabduction example

Answer 10

raise arm over back or front of head

Question 11

adduction

Answer 11

movement in the frontal plane back towards the midline

Question 12

hyperadduction examples

Answer 12

crossing fingers, crossing ankles

Question 13

elevation

Answer 13

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

Question 14

depression

Answer 14

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

Question 15

protraction

Answer 15

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
ex. rolling shoulders forward

Question 16

retraction

Answer 16

posterior movement
ex. pulling shoulders down and back (good posture)

Question 17

dorsiflexion

Answer 17

elevating toes (walking on heels)

Question 18

plantar flexion

Answer 18

toes point downward (tiptoe)

Question 19

inversion

Answer 19

movement in which the soles are turned medially

Question 20

eversion

Answer 20

movement in which the soles are turned laterally