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Biology 235 > Chapter 9: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Anthology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of motion of joints

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3
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

No synovial cavity. Bones are held together by dense irregular CT. Rich in collegian fibers.
Permit little to no movement.
Types:
1: Suture
2. Syndermosis
3. Interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

No synovial cavity. Bones are held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Little to no movement
3 types:
1. Syncondrosis
2. Symphyses
3.Epiphyseal cartilages

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5
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Has synovial cavity between articulating bones. Unites by dense irregular CT of articular capsule. Often accessory ligaments.
Diarthroses: freely movable joint

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6
Q

Synarthrosis

A

An immovable joint.

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7
Q

Amiphiarthrosis

A

A slight movable joint

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8
Q

Diarthrosis

A

A freely movable joint. These joints are synovial joints. Have variety of shapes and permit different types of movements.

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9
Q

Synostosis

A

Joint in which there is a complete fusion of 2 separate bones into one.

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10
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Layer of hyaline cartilage, covers bones at synovial joint

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11
Q

Ligaments

A

Factor that holds bones close together in a synovial joint

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12
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Inner layer of articular capsule
Secretes synovial fluid

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13
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous lip, extends from edge of joint socket. Prominent in ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip.

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14
Q

Bursae

A

Saclike structures filled with fluid, strategically situated to alleviate friction in synovial joints. Such as shoulder and knee joint.

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15
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

Or synovial sheaths
Tubelike bursae. Reduce friction at joints. Wrap around certain tendons that experience friction.

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16
Q

Gliding

A

Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and side to side over one another. Little change in angle between bones.

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17
Q

Angular

A

Increase or decrease in angle between bones

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18
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane

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19
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Movement of trunk in frontal plane

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20
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane

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21
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical postion.

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22
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from midline, usually in frontal plane.

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23
Q

Addiction

A

Movement of bone toward midline, usually in frontal plane.

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24
Q

Cirumduction

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, abduction, and rotation in succession. Distal end of body part moves in circle.

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25
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis. In limbs may be medial or lateral.

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26
Q

Special

A

Occurs at specific joints

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27
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of body part

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28
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of body part

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29
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane

30
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane.

31
Q

Inversion

A

Medial movement of sole

32
Q

Eversion

A

Lateral movement of sole

33
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending foot at the ankle in direction of dorsum

34
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending foot at the ankle in direction of plantar surface

35
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly

36
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

37
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb across palm to touch fingertips on same hand.

38
Q

Triaxial (Multiaxial)

A

Joint that rotates in addition to sliding. permits movement in 3 axes. Back and forth, side to side, rotation
Example: Plane Joint

39
Q

Uniaxial (Monaxial)

A

Typically allow motion around a single (one) axis. Flexion and extension.
Example: hinge joint

40
Q

Biaxial

A

Freely moveable joint, permitting movement in 2 axes. Back and forth, side to side

41
Q

Joints

A

Point of contact between two bones, bones and cartilage or bones and teeth.

42
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely moveable joint

43
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A
  1. Suture
  2. Syndemosis
  3. Interosseous membrane
44
Q

Types of Cartilage Joints

A

1.Synchrondroses
2. Symphyses
3. Epiphyseal Cartilage

45
Q

Suture

A

Fibrous Joint thin layer of dense CT
Allows little movement in infants, no movement in adults
Found in the skull
Plays important role in shock absorption

46
Q

Syndemosis

A

Fibrous Joint
More Dense CT present than in suture
Band or ligament
Greater distance present between articulating joints

47
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Fibrous Joint
Sheet of Dense CT
Binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement
One between radius and ulna
One between tibia and fibula

48
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Cartilage Joint
Connecting material contains hyaline cartilage
Slightly moveable to immovable

49
Q

Symphyses

A

Cartilage joint
Articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage but a flat disc of fibrous cartilage connects the bones
Found only in the middle of the body

50
Q

Epiphyseal Membrane

A

Cartilage joint
Hyaline cartilage growth center
Not a joint associated with movement

51
Q

Articular Capsule

A

Sleeve like capsule, surrounds and encloses the synovial joint. Unites articulating bones.

52
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Viscous, clear to pale yellow fluid
Secreted by synovial membrane
Consists of hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid formed from blood plasma
Forms thin layer over surfaces with articular capsule
Function: reducing joint friction, absorbs shock, supplies o2 and nutrients to chondrocytes.

53
Q

Extracapsular Ligament

A

Accessory Ligament
Line the outside of the capsule

54
Q

Intracapsular Ligament

A

Accessory ligaments
Occurs within the capsule

55
Q

Articular Disc

A

Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage
Line between articular surfaces of bones
Binds strongly to inside of fibrous membrane
Subdivides synovial cavity into two spaces, allows for separate movements

56
Q

Types of Synovial Joint

A

Characterized by synovial cavity, articular cartilage and articular capsule (joint).

57
Q

Temporamandibular Joint

A

Hinge and plane joint. Formed by condylar process and mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone.
This joint is the only freely movable joint between the skull bones

58
Q

Shoulder Joint

A

Ball and socket joint
Formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
Contains:
Coraconhumeral (strengthens) glenohumeral (Stabilizes) and transverse Humeral ligament (holds onto biceps muscles)

59
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Hinge Joint
Contains:
Ulnar collateral (deepens socket), radial collateral (strong, extends from humerus to radius) and anular ligaments (strong, holds head of radius to ulna)

60
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Limits hyperflexion of the knee.
Prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur
Runs diagonally in the middle of the knee.

61
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Prevent posterior sliding of the tibia when knee is flexed.
Important with walking down stairs or steep incline.
Located inside the knee, behind the ACL. Stronger than ACL.
Extends from the rear surface of tibia to the bottom from of the femur.

62
Q

Structural Classification of Joints

A
  1. Presence or absence of a space between articulating joints.
  2. Type of CT that binds bones together.
63
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

A

Related to the degree of movement joints permit.

64
Q

Plane Joint

A

Synovial joint
Articulating surface flat or slightly curved.
Gliding joint
Biaxial Diarthroses : back/forth, side to side
Some Triaxial Diarthroses: back/forth, side to side, rotation
Intercarpal

65
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Synovial Joint
Convex surface fits into concave surface
Flexion and extension joint
Uniaxial Diarthroses: flexion/extension
Elbow or knee

66
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Synovial Joint
Rounded or pointed surface. Fits into ring formed by bone and ligaments.
Uniaxial Diarthrosis: rotation
Neck

67
Q

Condyloid Joint

A

Synovial Joint
Oval shaped projection fits into oval shaped depression
Biaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
Wrist joint

68
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Synovial Joint
Articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped. Other articulating bone fits into saddle.
Biaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
Metacarpal of thumb

69
Q

Ball and Socket joint

A

Synovial Joint
Ball like surface fits into cup like depression
Triaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation
Shoulder and hip joints

70
Q

Nerve Supply of Synovial Joint

A

Convey information about pain from joint to spinal cord and brain.
Respond to degree of movement and stretch to a joint by sending impulses to the muscles to adjust body movements.

71
Q

Blood Supply of Synovial Joint

A

Arteries: send out brackets that penetrate the ligament and articular capsule to deliver O2 and nutrients
Veins remove CO2 and water from joints

Biology 235 (29 decks)

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