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Biology 235 > Chapter 7: The Skeletal System Axial System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Skeletal System Axial System Flashcards

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1
Q

Longs Bones

A

Greater length than width

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2
Q

Short Bones

A

Somewhat cubed shaped and nearly equal in length and width

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3
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin, composed of two parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosed in spongy tissue

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4
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Complex shape
Vary in amount of compact and spongy bone

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5
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Shaped like sesame seeds
Develop tendons where there is friction, tension and stress such as palms and soles.

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6
Q

Sutures Bones

A

Small bones located in sutures (joints) between certain cranial bones

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7
Q

Fissure

A

Depression and opening
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone
Blood vessels pass through
Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Foramen

A

Depression and opening
Opening through which blood vessel, nerves or ligaments pass
Optic Forman

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9
Q

Fossa

A

Depression and openings
Shallow Depression
Coronado fossa of humerus

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10
Q

Sulcus

A

Depression and openings
Furrow along bone surface
Accommodates blood, nerves or tendon
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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11
Q

Meatus

A

Depression and openings
Tubelike opening
External auditory meatus of temporal bone

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12
Q

Condyle

A

Processes
Forms joint
Large round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone
Lateral condyle of femur

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13
Q

Facet

A

Processes
Forms joint
Smooth, flat, slight concave or convex articular surface at end of bone

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14
Q

Head

A

Processes
Forms Joint
Usually rounded articular projection support on neck of bone
Head of femur

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15
Q

Crest

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Prominent ridge or elongated projection
Lilac crest of hip bone

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16
Q

Epicondyle

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Typically roughened projection above condyle
Medial epicondyle of femur

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17
Q

Line

A

Processes
Forms attachment, either long, narrow ridge or border
Lines aspera of femur

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18
Q

Spinous Process

A

Spine
Processes of vertebral arch
Forms attachment for muscles
Sharp, slender projection

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19
Q

Trochanter

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Large projection
Greater trochanter of femur

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20
Q

Tubercle

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Rounded projections
Greater tubercle of humerus

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21
Q

Tubersosity

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Variable sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface
Ischial tuberosity of hip bone

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22
Q

Skull

A

framework of head

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23
Q

Cranial Bones

A

From cranial cavity, encloses and protects the brain

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24
Q

Facial Bones

A

14 bones
2 nasal bones
2 maxillae
2 zygomatic
Mandible
2 lacrimal
2 palatine
2 inferior nasal conchae
Vomer

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25
Q

Normal Curves

A

Appearance of spine from side, shows slight bend

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26
Q

Cervical and Lumbar Curve

A

Front of body, convex (bulging out)

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27
Q

Thoracic and Sacral Curves

A

Concave (cupping in)

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28
Q

Function of Curves of Vertebral Column

A

Increases strength
Helps maintain balance in upright postion
Absorbs shock during walking
Help protect the vertebrae from fracture

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29
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae from the end cervical vertebra to the sacrum
Account of 25% of height

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30
Q

Annulus Fibrosus

A

Contained in each intervertebral disc. Each disc has outer fibrous ring consists of fibrocartilage.

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31
Q

Nucleus Pulposus

A

An inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic substance of intervertebral disc.

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32
Q

Thorax

A

Entire chest region

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33
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Skeletal part of thorax. Bony enclosure formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilage and bodies of thoracic vertebrae.

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34
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone. Flat, narrow bone located in the center of the thoracic wall.

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35
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior part of sternum

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36
Q

Body - Sternum

A

Middle and largest part of the sternum

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37
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Smallest part of the sternum

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38
Q

Sternal Angle

A

Junction of the manubrium and body of sternum.

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39
Q

Suprasternal Notch

A

Depression on superior surface of Manubrium of sternum

40
Q

Clavicular Notches

A

Lateral to suprasternal notch

41
Q

Sternoclavicular Joints

A

Formed by clavicular notches that articulates with medial ends of clavicles

42
Q

Ribs

A

12 pairs, numbered 1-12 from superior to inferior. Give structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity.

43
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

Strip of Hyaline cartilage that attached ribs 1-7 to anterior of sternum.

44
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

Articulation formed between true ribs and the sternum

45
Q

Vertebrochondral Ribs

A

False ribs

46
Q

Floating Vertebral Ribs

A

The 11 and 12th pairs of ribs. The costal cartilages at their anterior ends do not attach to the sternum at all.

47
Q

Bones of Adult - Axal

A

80 Bones

48
Q

Bones of Adult - Appendicular

A

126 bones: flat and irregular
Consists of upper and lower limbs

49
Q

Bone Surface Markings

A
  1. Depression and Openings: allow for passage of soft tissue (blood, nerves, ligaments)
  2. Processes: Projections or outgrowth. Either forms joint or forms attachment points for CT.
50
Q

Mandible

A

Only moveable bone
Longest, strongest facial bone

51
Q

Skull Function

A
  1. Protects Brain
  2. Stabilizes brain, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue and nerves by attachment to meninges
  3. Outer surfaces provides attachment of muscles for head movement
  4. Provide attachment for muscles of facial expression
52
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Feature of skull in Ethmoid Bone
Vertical - divides nasal cavity into left and right sides
Consists of bone and cartilage
Components: vomer, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate, ethmoid bone

53
Q

Orbits

A

Special feature of skull
Formed by 7 cranial bones
A) cranial : frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
B) facial: palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, maxilla
Contains: eye ball and associated structure.

54
Q

Foramina

A

Special feature of skull
Openings for blood vessels. Nerves or ligaments

55
Q

Frontal Sinus

A

Deep to frontal aquamarine

56
Q

Temporal Squama

A

Anterior and superior part of bone

57
Q

Zygomatic Process

A

Projects from inferior part of TB
Articulates with zygomatic bone

58
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Cheek Bones

59
Q

Zygomatic Arch

A

Formed by zygomatic process and zygomatic bone

60
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A

Socket on inferior portion of zygomatic process

61
Q

Temporamandibular Joint

A

Or TMJ
Formed by mandibular fossa and articular tubercle
Articulate with mandible

62
Q

Mastoid Portion

A

TB
Rounded, Posterior and inferior to external auditory canal

63
Q

Internal Auditory Meatus

A

TB
opening through which facil IV and vestibulcochlear VII nerve pass

64
Q

Petronius Portion

A

TB
Floor of cranial cavity, triangle part.
Houses internal and middle ear.

65
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

OB
Large hole in inferior part of bone

66
Q

Occipital Condyle

A

OB
Oval process with convex surfaces
Located on either side of Foramen magnum
Articulates with 1st cervical vertebra: allows nodding of head

67
Q

Occipital Condyle

A

Oval process with convex surfaces
On either side of Foramen magnum

68
Q

Atlanta occipital joint

A

Formed by articulation of occipital Condyle and 1st cervical vertebra
Allows head to nod

69
Q

External Occipital protuberance

A

Most prominent midline projection

70
Q

Sella Turcica

A

SB
Saddle shaped
Superior surface

71
Q

Hypophyseal Fossa

A

SB
Contains pituitary gland

72
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Unique component of axial skeleton
Does not articulate with any other bone. Suspends from styloid process of TB by muscles and ligaments.
Located been mandible and larynx
Supports tongue

73
Q

Nasal Bones

A

Paired, small. Forms bridge, consists of cartilage.
Protects upper entry of nasal cavity. Provides attachment for muscles of facial expression.

74
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A

Paired, thin, smallest face bone.
Forms part of medial wall of each orbit.

75
Q

Palatine Bone

A

Two L shaped bones
Forms posterior portion of hard palate, floor and lateral wall of nasal cavity.

76
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

Two scroll like, inferior to ethmoid bone.
Forms part of nasal cavity

77
Q

Vomer

A

Single bone, roughly triangle shaped on floor of nasal cavity
Articulates with ethmoid and sphenoid bone.
Forms inferior nasal septum

78
Q

Maxillae

A

Paired, unite to form upper jawbone.
Articulates with every face bone except mandible.
Contains: hard palate

79
Q

Hard Palate

A

Bony roof of mouth
Formed by palatine process and hard plate of palatine bone.

80
Q

Sutures

A
  1. Coronal
  2. Sagittal
  3. Squamous
  4. Lambdoid
81
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Cavities within nasal cavity
Lined weigh muscous membranes that drain into wall of nasal cavity.
Small or absent at birth, grow with puberty.
Helps with resonance of voice.

82
Q

Vertebrae

A

7 cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

83
Q

Vertebral Body

A

Thick disc shaped, anterior portion. Wright bearing part of vertebra.
Contains: nutrient foramina

84
Q

Vertebral Arch

A

Formed from: two short, thick processes and pedicles. Pedicles project from vertebral body to unit with flat laminae.

85
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

Formed by vertebral arch and body, surrounds the spinal cord.
Contains: cord, adipose tissue, areolar CT, blood vessels

86
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

Formed from all vertebrae of vertebral foramina.

87
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

7
Smallest, except for coccyx
Arches are large, contain 3 Foramina, 1 vertebral foramen and 2 transverse foramina

88
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

12
Larger and stronger than cervical

89
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Largest and strongest of all vertebrae bones in column due to the amount of body weight by this vertebrae.

90
Q

Sacrum

A

1 - triangular bone. Formed from 5 fused bones by the age o 30.
Serves as strong foundation of pelvic girldle

91
Q

Coccyx

A

1- also triangular bone
Formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae, fuse by age of 20-30.

92
Q

Superior Articular Processes

A

Processes arise from vertebral arch
2 of a vertebra articlulate with 2 inferior processes immediately above them.
Covered with hyaline cartilage.

93
Q

Inferior Articular Processes

A

Processes arise from vertebral arch.
Two of a vertebra articulates with two superior articular processes of the vertebra immediately below them.
Covered with hyaline cartilage.

94
Q

Sacral Promontary

A

Base of sacrum. Used for measurement of the pelvis.

95
Q

Nutrient Foramina

A

Found in Vertebral body.
Opening where blood vessels deliver nutrients and O2. Removes CO2 and wastes from bone tissue.

Biology 235 (29 decks)

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