Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 235 - Section 1 > Chapter 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term articulation or arthrosis

A

Joint, contact between two bones, or bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth. Forms a joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

No synovial cavity, bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

No synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Synovial joints

A

Synovial cavity, united by dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable, always synovial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suture

A

Fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue, often only in skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synostosis

A

Sutures replaced by bone, complete fusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Frontal or metopic suture

A

Sutures that persist beyond age 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous joint, but with more distance between articulating surfaces and dense, irregular, connective tissue that in suture. Limited movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gomphosis or dentoalveolar joint

A

cone-shaped peg fits into socket. Roots of teeth and their sockets, no movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement. Between radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cartilaginous - synchondrosis

A

Lack synovial cavity, immovable. hyaline cartilage. epiphyseal plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cartilaginous - symphysis

A

Ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Synovial joint cavity

A

Allows movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Layer of hyaline cartilage, covers articulating surfaces with a smooth, slippery surface, does not bind. Reduces friction and absorbs shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joint, encloses synovial cavity, unites articulating bones. Outer fibrous membrane, inner synovial membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fibrous membrane

A

Dense irregular connective tissue (mostly collagen fibers) that attaches to the periosteum of articulating bones. Flexible, tensile strength.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ligament

A

Fiber bundles, strong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Articular fat pad

A

Accumulations of adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secreted by synovial membrane. Viscous, clear/pale yellow fluid, consists of hyaluronic acid. Reduces friction, lubricates, absorbs shock, supplies oxygen and nutrients, removes co2 and wastes. Phagocytic cells remove microbes and debris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Accessory ligaments: extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments

A

E-outside articular capsule. In-within but excluded from the synovial cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Articular discs (menisci)

A

Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage, attached to fibrous capsule. Bind strongly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Labrum

A

Prominent in the ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip. Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bursa

A

Alleviate friction, fluid filled sacs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

Tubelike bursae, wrap tendons, visceral layer to tendon, parietal layer to bone. Between synovial fluid.

29
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - gliding

A

Nearly flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side. limited range

30
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - angular

A

Change in angle. Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

31
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - flexion

A

Decrease in angle between articulating bones

32
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones, generally restores to anatomical position

33
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - lateral flexion

A

Medial movement, such as thumb to edge of palm

34
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - hyperextension

A

Beyond anatomical position,(chin up)

35
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - abduction or radial deviation

A

Away from midline (airplane arms)

36
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - adduction or ulnar deviation

A

Toward midline (palm to thigh adducts shoulder)

37
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - circumduction

A

Distal end of a body part in a circle.

38
Q

Types of movements at synovial joints - rotation medially or laterally

A

Revolves around its own longitudinal axis. (turning head side to side)

39
Q

Special - elevation

A

Superior movement, closing the mouth lifts the mandible

40
Q

Special - depression

A

Inferior movement, such as returning shrugged shoulders

41
Q

Special - protraction

A

Anteriorly in the transverse plane. Jaw foreword

42
Q

Special - retraction

A

Protraction returns to anatomical position

43
Q

Special - inversion

A

Sole medially at the intertarsal joints. (Big toe side upward)

44
Q

Special - eversion

A

Sole laterally at intertarsal joints (pinky toe side upward)

45
Q

Special - dorsiflexion

A

Bending of the foot at the ankle or talocrural joint (standing on heels)

46
Q

Special - plantar flexion

A

Bending the foot at the ankle joint so you stand on ball of foot

47
Q

Special - supination

A

Anterior palm (forward)

48
Q

Special - pronation

A

Posterior palm (backward)

49
Q

Special - opposition

A

Thumb at the carpometacarpal joint, Thumb touches finger tips

50
Q

Plane joint

A

Back and forth or side to side movements between flat surfaces of bones, also rotate against one another.

51
Q

Hinge joint

A

Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone. Open and closing motion. (knee, elbow)

52
Q

Pivot joint

A

Rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament

53
Q

Condyloid or ellipsoidal joint

A

Convex oval shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression of another, movement around two axes

54
Q

Saddle joint

A

Articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped

55
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Permits movement around three axes

56
Q

medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints

A

Laterally is a tibiofemoral joint, between the lateral condyle of the femur, lateral meniscus, and lateral condyle of the tibia, which is the weight-bearing bone of the leg.
2. Medially is another tibiofemoral joint, between the medial condyle of the femur, medial meniscus, and medial condyle of the tibia.

57
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

An intermediate patellofemoral joint is between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur.

58
Q

articular capsule

A

some capsular fibers connect the articulating bones

59
Q

patellar ligament

A

patella to tibial tuberosity

60
Q

tibial collateral ligament

A

medial surface of joint, extends from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

61
Q

fibular collateral ligament

A

strong, rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint, extends from lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula

62
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Limits hyperextension, prevents anterior sliding.

63
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when the knee is flexed

64
Q

Rheumatism and arthritis

A

R-not cause by infection or injury but painful.

Arthritis - stiff, swollen, painful joints

65
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease, cartilage is gradually lost, wear and tear

66
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease, immune system attacks its own tissues

67
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Sodium urate crystal are deposited in soft tissues of the joints, feet mostly, bones can fuse

68
Q

Lyme disease

A

Bite -> rash -> stiffness, fever and chills, headache, stiff neck, nausea, low back pain

BIOL 235 - Section 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions