Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards
Define the term articulation or arthrosis
Joint, contact between two bones, or bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth. Forms a joint.
Fibrous joints
No synovial cavity, bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers.
Cartilaginous joints
No synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints
Synovial cavity, united by dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments
Synarthrosis
Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable
Diarthrosis
Freely movable, always synovial.
Suture
Fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue, often only in skull.
Synostosis
Sutures replaced by bone, complete fusion.
Frontal or metopic suture
Sutures that persist beyond age 6
Syndesmosis
Fibrous joint, but with more distance between articulating surfaces and dense, irregular, connective tissue that in suture. Limited movement.
Gomphosis or dentoalveolar joint
cone-shaped peg fits into socket. Roots of teeth and their sockets, no movement.
Interosseous membrane
substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement. Between radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula.
Cartilaginous - synchondrosis
Lack synovial cavity, immovable. hyaline cartilage. epiphyseal plate.
Cartilaginous - symphysis
Ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones.
Synovial joint cavity
Allows movement
Articular cartilage
Layer of hyaline cartilage, covers articulating surfaces with a smooth, slippery surface, does not bind. Reduces friction and absorbs shock.
Articular capsule
Surrounds synovial joint, encloses synovial cavity, unites articulating bones. Outer fibrous membrane, inner synovial membrane.
Fibrous membrane
Dense irregular connective tissue (mostly collagen fibers) that attaches to the periosteum of articulating bones. Flexible, tensile strength.
Ligament
Fiber bundles, strong.
Synovial membrane
Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers.
Articular fat pad
Accumulations of adipose tissue
Synovial fluid
Secreted by synovial membrane. Viscous, clear/pale yellow fluid, consists of hyaluronic acid. Reduces friction, lubricates, absorbs shock, supplies oxygen and nutrients, removes co2 and wastes. Phagocytic cells remove microbes and debris.
Accessory ligaments: extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments
E-outside articular capsule. In-within but excluded from the synovial cavity.
Articular discs (menisci)
Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage, attached to fibrous capsule. Bind strongly
Labrum
Prominent in the ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip. Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket.
Bursa
Alleviate friction, fluid filled sacs.