Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

Principal Chemical Elements of the human body

Answer 1

Major: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

smallest units of mater that retain the properties and characteristics of the element

Question 3

Ion

Answer 3

an atom that has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal numbers of protons and electrons

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

two or more atoms share elections

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

Ions of opposite forces,

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

Share electrons

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

hydrogen partial positive, attracts partial negative

Question 9

Chemical reaction

Answer 9

when new bonds for, or break, foundations of all life processes

Question 10

Synthesis

Answer 10

two or more form new and larger

Question 11

Decomposition

Answer 11

split up

Question 12

Exchange

Answer 12

AB + CD -> AD + BC

Question 13

Reversible reactions

Answer 13

products can revert to reactants

Question 14

pH

Answer 14

Concentration of H+ moles per litre

Question 15

Buffer systems

Answer 15

function to convert strong acids or bases into weak ones

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose. 2-3% of body mass. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Three major groups: monosacchardies, disaccharides, polysacchardies.

Question 17

lipids

Answer 17

Organic, C, H, O but proportion of oxygen smaller than carbs. Insoluble in water, hydrophobic

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. Sometimes sulfur.

Question 19

Lesser elements

Answer 19

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron

Question 20

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 20

enable dietary nutrients to be absorbed

Question 21

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 21

two smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule

Question 22

Acid

Answer 22

dissociates into H+

Question 23

Base

Answer 23

proton acceptor, dissociates into OH-

Question 24

Salt

Answer 24

dissociates into neither H or OH

Question 25

Lipoproteins

Answer 25

soluble because protein outside and lipid inside