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BIOL 235 - Section 1 > Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other

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2
Q

Physiology

A

science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts

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3
Q

Chemical level

A

atoms, molecules

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4
Q

Cellular level

A

molecules combine to form cells

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5
Q

Tissue level

A

groups of cells and surrounding materials working to perform functions/ Epithelial, connective, muscular, nevrous

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6
Q

Organ level

A

composed of tissues, stomach skin, bones, brain, liver, heart

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7
Q

System level

A

related organs with common functions

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8
Q

Organismal level

A

any living individual

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9
Q

Integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands, protects body, regulates temp, eliminates waste, vitamin d secretion, sensation, stores fat, provides insulation

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10
Q

Skeletal system

A

bones, joints, cartilage, support, protection, movement, stores minerals and lipids

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11
Q

Muscular system

A

skeletal muscle tissue, movement, posture, heat,

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12
Q

Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs (eyes, ears), generate action potentials to regulate, detect/interpret changes

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13
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormone producing glands, (pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes.) Regulate body activity by releasing hormones

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14
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

blood, heart, blood vessels

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15
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic fluid, vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells that carry out immune responses. Returns proteins and fluid to blood.

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16
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes

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17
Q

Digestive system

A

Physical and chemical breakdown of food

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18
Q

Urinary system

A

kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, waste

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19
Q

Reproductive system

A

gonads, gametes, hormones

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20
Q

Basic life processes

A

Metabolism, Growth, Responsiveness, organization, Differentiation, Reproduction, movement

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21
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance of internal environment. Maintaining volume and composition of body fluids, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, vitreous body

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22
Q

Feedback system

A

Stimulus -> controlled condition -> receptors -> input to control centre to output -> effectors -> response
Negative feedback system reverses a change
Positive strengthen/reinforces

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23
Q

Prone

A

facedown

24
Q

Supine

A

face up

25
Q

Anatomical

A

standing, palms forward

26
Q

Electrolyte

A

Liquid and ions to conduct electricity

27
Q

Free radical

A

Unpaired valence electron, uncharged molecule

28
Q

Afferent

A

toward centre

29
Q

Efferent

A

away from

30
Q

Effector

A

body structure that receives output and responds

31
Q

Epidemiology

A

why, when, where, diseases occur and how they transfer

32
Q

Mass

A

amount of matter in any object

33
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Cranial bones that form a hollow space of the head to contain the brain

34
Q

Bertebral (spinal canal)

A

the bones of the bertebral column containing spinal cord

35
Q

Meninges

A

Three layers of protective tissue and fluid

36
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

formed by the ribs the muscles, sternum and thoracic portion of the vertebral column

37
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

within thoracic, fluid filled space to surround the heart, and pleural cavities around the lungs

38
Q

Diaphragm

A

dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from adominopelvic cavity

39
Q

Abdominopelic vaity

A

extends from diaphragm to the groin

40
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

contains the stomach, spleen , liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

41
Q

Inferior abdominal cavity

A

contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and internal organs of the reproductive system. Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are called viscera.

42
Q

Serous membraine

A

covers viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and the abdomen. 1- parital layer, 2- viseral layer, serous fluid in between so viscera slide

43
Q

Metabolism

A

Life sustaining chemical reactions. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes.

44
Q

Catabolism

A

Produces energy. the breaking down of compounds (for example, of glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration)

45
Q

Anabolism

A

Consumes energy. the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids).

46
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fills spaces between cells of tissues

47
Q

blood plasma

A

ECF within blood vessles

48
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

ECF around brain and spinal cord

49
Q

synovial fluid

A

ECF around joints

50
Q

aqueous humor / vitreous body

A

ECF around eyes

51
Q

Afferent pathway

A

input to control centre, TOWARD

52
Q

Efferent pathway

A

output from control centre, AWAY from

53
Q

Effector

A

body structure that receives output from control centre and produces a response

54
Q

Disorder

A

any abnormality of structure or function

55
Q

Disease

A

specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms. Systemic = entire body

BIOL 235 - Section 1 (9 decks)

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