Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other
Physiology
science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts
Chemical level
atoms, molecules
Cellular level
molecules combine to form cells
Tissue level
groups of cells and surrounding materials working to perform functions/ Epithelial, connective, muscular, nevrous
Organ level
composed of tissues, stomach skin, bones, brain, liver, heart
System level
related organs with common functions
Organismal level
any living individual
Integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands, protects body, regulates temp, eliminates waste, vitamin d secretion, sensation, stores fat, provides insulation
Skeletal system
bones, joints, cartilage, support, protection, movement, stores minerals and lipids
Muscular system
skeletal muscle tissue, movement, posture, heat,
Nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs (eyes, ears), generate action potentials to regulate, detect/interpret changes
Endocrine system
Hormone producing glands, (pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes.) Regulate body activity by releasing hormones
Cardiovascular system
blood, heart, blood vessels
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic fluid, vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells that carry out immune responses. Returns proteins and fluid to blood.
Respiratory system
Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes
Digestive system
Physical and chemical breakdown of food
Urinary system
kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, waste
Reproductive system
gonads, gametes, hormones
Basic life processes
Metabolism, Growth, Responsiveness, organization, Differentiation, Reproduction, movement
Homeostasis
balance of internal environment. Maintaining volume and composition of body fluids, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, vitreous body
Feedback system
Stimulus -> controlled condition -> receptors -> input to control centre to output -> effectors -> response
Negative feedback system reverses a change
Positive strengthen/reinforces