Chapter 9 (Immune System) Flashcards
What are the three lines of defense in the human body?
- Physical
- Non specific defense mechanisms
- Specific defense mechanism
What are the different pathogens mentioned in lecture?
Living Organisms
- Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites
Nonliving infectious particles
- Virus, Prion
- What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- Maintenance of blood volume in cardiovascular system
- Transport of fats from digestive system to cardiovascular system
- Filter foreign material
- What is lymph
Lymph is a milky fluid containing
- White blood cells
- proteins
- fats
- bacteria, pathogens
- What is the function of the lymph nodes?
Cleanse the lymph.
What are the two regions of the spleen? What is the function of each?
Red pulp- removes old and damaged red blood cells
White pulp- contains white blood cells to search for pathogens
What is the function of the thymus gland?
Trains t cells to fight fight infections
What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?
Tonsils- filter food and air entering throat
Adenoids- Filter air
What are the components of the first line of defense? ( Physical and Chemical)
Physical- Skin, hair
Chemical- Saliva
What are the components of the Second line of defense?
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Natural killer cells
Interferons
Fever
Compliment proteins- blast holes in walls of bacteria
What do phagocytic cells do?
Ingest foreign particles and bacteria
What are the four signs of inflammation?
Redness
Fever
Swelling
Pain
What are Complement proteins?
A group of proteins that assist other defense mechanisms.
What are interferons?
Produce proteins that interfere with virus reproduction.
What are the characteristics of the third line of defense?
Specific Defense Mechanisms
The immune response
Recognizes and targets specific pathogens and foreign substances.
Has memory
Can distinguish between your own cells and invading cells
What is an antigen?
Any substance that triggers an immune response
What is an antibody?
Proteins made with B Lymphocytes that bind with and neutralize specific antigens.
What type of immunity is provided by B Lymphocytes?
Antibody mediated immunity
What type of immunity is provided by T lymphocytes?
Cell mediated immunity
What are memory cells?
Cells that store information for future immune responses.
What are plasma cells?
Cells that secrete antibodies.
What are the different types of T Cells? What is the function of each type?
Helper T cells- phagocytize bacteria and viruses
Cytotoxic T cells- (Killer T Cells) Kill infected cells targeted by the body.
What is an Antigen Presenting Cell
A cell that detects, engulfs and informs the adaptive immune response about an infection.
What is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response?
Primary immune response is first encounter with antigen. ( slow response)
Secondary immune response (fast response)
Antibodies peak faster
