Chapter 9 (Immune System)

Question 1

What are the three lines of defense in the human body?

Answer 1

1. Physical
2. Non specific defense mechanisms
3. Specific defense mechanism

Question 2

What are the different pathogens mentioned in lecture?

Answer 2

Living Organisms
- Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites

Nonliving infectious particles
- Virus, Prion

Question 3

3. What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

1. Maintenance of blood volume in cardiovascular system
2. Transport of fats from digestive system to cardiovascular system
3. Filter foreign material

Question 4

4. What is lymph

Answer 4

Lymph is a milky fluid containing

• White blood cells
• proteins
• fats
• bacteria, pathogens

Question 5

5. What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Answer 5

Cleanse the lymph.

Question 6

What are the two regions of the spleen? What is the function of each?

Answer 6

Red pulp- removes old and damaged red blood cells

White pulp- contains white blood cells to search for pathogens

Question 7

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Answer 7

Trains t cells to fight fight infections

Question 8

What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?

Answer 8

Tonsils- filter food and air entering throat

Adenoids- Filter air

Question 9

What are the components of the first line of defense? ( Physical and Chemical)

Answer 9

Physical- Skin, hair

Chemical- Saliva

Question 10

What are the components of the Second line of defense?

Answer 10

Phagocytes

Inflammation

Natural killer cells

Interferons

Fever

Compliment proteins- blast holes in walls of bacteria

Question 11

What do phagocytic cells do?

Answer 11

Ingest foreign particles and bacteria

Question 12

What are the four signs of inflammation?

Answer 12

Redness

Fever

Swelling

Pain

Question 13

What are Complement proteins?

Answer 13

A group of proteins that assist other defense mechanisms.

Question 14

What are interferons?

Answer 14

Produce proteins that interfere with virus reproduction.

Question 15

What are the characteristics of the third line of defense?

Answer 15

Specific Defense Mechanisms

The immune response
Recognizes and targets specific pathogens and foreign substances.

Has memory

Can distinguish between your own cells and invading cells

Question 16

What is an antigen?

Answer 16

Any substance that triggers an immune response

Question 17

What is an antibody?

Answer 17

Proteins made with B Lymphocytes that bind with and neutralize specific antigens.

Question 18

What type of immunity is provided by B Lymphocytes?

Answer 18

Antibody mediated immunity

Question 19

What type of immunity is provided by T lymphocytes?

Answer 19

Cell mediated immunity

Question 20

What are memory cells?

Answer 20

Cells that store information for future immune responses.

Question 21

What are plasma cells?

Answer 21

Cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 22

What are the different types of T Cells? What is the function of each type?

Answer 22

Helper T cells- phagocytize bacteria and viruses

Cytotoxic T cells- (Killer T Cells) Kill infected cells targeted by the body.

Question 23

What is an Antigen Presenting Cell

Answer 23

A cell that detects, engulfs and informs the adaptive immune response about an infection.

Question 24

What is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response?

Answer 24

Primary immune response is first encounter with antigen. ( slow response)

Secondary immune response (fast response)
Antibodies peak faster

Question 25

What is the difference between an active and passive immunization?

Answer 25

Active immunization- vaccination

Passive- give protective antibodies to individual.

Question 26

What is an autoimmune disorder?

Answer 26

A disease where body attacks it’s own healthy cells.