Chapter 12 (Sensory Division)

Question 1

What are the 5 different kinds of receptors mentioned in lecture and what stimuli do they respond to?

Answer 1

Mechanoreceptors
-Respond to mechanical energy

Thermoreceptors
Respond to heat or cold

Pain Receptorss
-Respond to tissue damage or excessive heat or pressure

Chemoreceptors
-Respond to the prescence of chemicals
Photoreceptors
-Respond to light

Question 2

What is sensory adaptation? Which receptors in the body have the ability to adapt?

Answer 2

Light touch pressure and smell receptors can adapt.

Pain joint and muscle monitoring receptors cannot adapt

Question 3

What is the difference between somatic sensations and special senses?

Answer 3

Somatic Senses: Receptors associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera make up the somatic senses.

Special Senses: These include the senses of smell, taste, hearing, static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium, and sight.

Question 4

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 4

Stretch receptors

Question 5

What is the difference between fast pain and slow pain?

Answer 5

Fast pain
Inform us of stimuli to be avoided

Slow pain
Originates in muscles or internal organs

Question 6

What class of receptors are responsible for our sense of smell and taste?

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors

Question 7

What are the 5 taste sensations.

Answer 7

Sweet
Salty 
Sour 
Bitter
Umami Savory

Question 8

What are the three parts of the outer ear? What is the function of each part?

Answer 8

Pinna
-Outside visible portion of ear directs sound waves into auditory canal

Auditory Canal
-Directs sound waved to the tympanic membraine

Tympanic membraine
-Ear drum
Separates outer ear from middle ear

Question 9

What are the three small bones in your middle ear? What is their function?

Answer 9

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

They amplify sound

Question 10

What is the function of the cochlea in the inner ear?

Answer 10

Processes hearing

Question 11

What structure in the inner ear is responsible for sensing rotational movement?

Answer 11

Semicircular canals

Question 12

What structure in the inner ear is responsible for sensing head position and linear acceleration?

Answer 12

Vestibule

Question 13

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 13

Iris controls the size of the pupil regulating light that reaches the retina

Question 14

What is lens accommodation? How is it made possible?

Answer 14

lens changes size and shape to allow you to see closer objects.

Question 15

What is myopia? What is hyperopia? What is astigmatism?

Answer 15

Myopia
-Nearsightedness

Hyperopia
Farsightedness

Astigmatism
Irregularities in the cornea or lens

Question 16

What are the four layers of the retina?

Answer 16

Outermost
Pigmented cells, absorb excess light

Photoreceptors
rods and cones

Bipolar cells
synapse with rods and cones

Innermost
ganglion cells

Question 17

What are the types of photoreceptors in the retina? What is the function of each?

Answer 17

Rods
Allow you to see in dim light

Cones
Activated in well lit room
allow you to see color