Chapter 10 (Respiratory System)

Question 1

What is breathing (ventilation) consisted of?

Answer 1

Inhaling and exhaling

Question 2

What is external respiration?

Answer 2

Exchange of gases between air and blood in lungs

Question 3

What is internal respiration?

Answer 3

Gas exchange between blood and tissues

Question 4

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Oxygen used to produce ATP

Question 5

What are the structures of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory tract

Question 6

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 6

Nose, nasal passages, pharynx

Question 7

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of

Answer 7

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi and bronchioles

Lungs

Alveoli

Question 8

What are the functions of the nose and pharynx?

Answer 8

Both allow air to move in

Have smell receptors

Filter large material from air

Moisten and warm air

Have chambers for voice

Question 9

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 9

Flap that routes air and food appropriately

Question 10

What are the functions of the trachea? (Windpipe)

Answer 10

Transports air to and from lungs

Kept open by C shaped rings of cartilage

Cough reflex

Lined with mucous secreting ciliated epithelium.

Question 11

What are the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 11

Bronchi connect to bronchioles

Transporting air

Clean, warm, and humidify incoming air

Cleansing of cilia

Question 12

What is the function of the surfactant in the alveoli?

Answer 12

Reduce surface tension in alveoli

Question 13

During inhale which muscles contract and what happens to pressure in lungs?

Answer 13

Diaphragm contracts.

Lung volume increases

Question 14

During exhale which muscles relax and what happens to pressure in lungs?

Answer 14

Diaphragm relaxes.

Lung volume decreases

Question 15

What device measures lung volume

Answer 15

Spirometer

Question 16

What is tidal volume?

Answer 16

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled in single breath

Question 17

What is dead space volume?

Answer 17

Volume of air that remains in airways and does not participate in gas exchange.

Question 18

Vital Capactiy

Answer 18

Maximal volume that can be exhaled after maximal inhale

Question 19

What is Inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 19

Volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume

Question 20

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 20

Volume of air that can be exhaled beyond tidal volume

Question 21

What is residual volume?

Answer 21

Volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful maximal expiration

Question 22

What are the two ways oxygen is transported in the blood?

Answer 22

98% is carried bound to hemoglobin molecules

2% is dissolved in plasma

Question 23

What are the three ways carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Answer 23

70% is converted to bicarbonate

20% binds to hemoglobin

10% is dissolved in plasma

Question 24

Where is the respiratory center located in the brain?

Answer 24

In the medulla oblongata

Question 25

How do CO2 levels affect breathing rate

Answer 25

high of CO2 levels increase breathing rate to remove excess CO2