Chapter 15 The Urinary System Flashcards
Which four organ systems in the body can carry out excretion? What substances does each system excrete?
Digestive System- Excretes food residue and waste from liver
Respiratory System- excretes carbon dioxide
Integumentary system (Skin)- excretes water, salt
Urinary system- excretes nitrogenous waste, excess solutes and water
What type of waste does protein metabolism generate?
Nitrogenous waste
What does the liver convert ammonia to?
Urea
What are the three regions of the kidney that were discussed in lecture?
Cortex- outer portion.
Medulla- Inner region of the kidney
Renal Pelvis- Hollow space in the center of the kidney where urine collects
What are the ureters?
Muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder
What is the urethra?
Carries urine from bladder to outside of body
What is a nephron? How many nephrons are in each kidney?
A nephron produces urine in the kidney. 1 million nephrons per kidney
What are the four distinct regions of the nephron tubule? Know them in order.
Proximal Tubule
Loop or hennie
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
What are the blood vessels associated with the nephron tubules? Know them in order.
Arterioles
Afferent
Efferent
Capillaries
- Glomerular
- Peritubular
What are the three processes that lead to urine formation?
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
Describe glomerular filtration. How is the filtration rate regulated?
Filters fluid from capillaries.
Describe tubular reabsorption. What are some substances that are reabsorbed
Process that moves solutes and water out of the filtrate and back into your bloodstream
Where does most of the tubular reabsorption occur in the nephron?
Distal tubule region
Describe tubular secretion. What are some substances that are secreted?
Transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen.
Explain the micturition reflex
Coordinated and sustained contraction of the detrusor muscle along with simultaneous relaxation of the urethra
