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Human Biology > Chapter 14 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the GI tract?

A

Mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands

Liver

Gallbladder

Pancreas

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3
Q

What are the four layers that form the wall of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa

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4
Q

What are the 5 basic processes that occur in the digestive system?

A

Mechanical processing and movement

Secretion

Digestion

Absorption

Elimination

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5
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Propel food forward

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6
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Mix food with secretions

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7
Q

What is the function of teeth?

A

Bite and chew food

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8
Q

What are the four types of human teeth

A

Incisors

Canines

Premolars

Molars

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9
Q

What are the functions of the tongue

A

Positions and tastes food

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10
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

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11
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A

Mucin

Salivary amylase

Bicarbonate

Lysozyme

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12
Q

What are the two phases of swallowing?

A

Voluntary phase

Involuntary phase

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13
Q

What are the functions of the stomach

A

Food storage

Digests proteins

Regulation of delivery of partially digested food.

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14
Q

What are the four components of gastric juice?

A

Hydrochloric acid

Intrinsic factor

Mucus

Pepsinogen

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15
Q

What is chyme?

A

Watery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is delivered to small intestine.

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16
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine

A

Digestion and Absorbtion

17
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine? What happens in each

A

Duodenum, digestion

Jejunum, absorbtion

Ileum, absorbtion

18
Q

What are villi and microvilli

A

Increase surface area available for absorbtion of nutrients

19
Q

What substances are secreted by the pancreas?

A

Digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate.

20
Q

What are the three different digestive enzymes secreted by pancreas? What is digested by each enzyme?

A

Proteases, protein digesting enzymes

Pancreatic amylase, digests starch

Lipase, digests lipids

21
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Liver produces bile which emulsifies lipids.

Hepatic portal system

Storage synthesis and chemical processing

22
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Concentrates and stores bile

23
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs nutrients and elimates waste

24
Q

What are the different regions of the large intestine?

A

Cecum

Colon

Rectum, anus

Human Biology (8 decks)

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