Chapter 9 (I) Flashcards
muscle tissue transforms ___(1)___ to ___(2)___ to exert force.
(1) chemical energy (ATP)
(2) mechanical energy
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
skeletal muscles attach to ___(1)___ and ___(2)___.
(1) bones
(2) skin
muscle fibers
elongated cells
which muscles are striated, voluntary, contract rapidly, and tire easily?
skeletal muscles
which muscles require nervous system stimulation?
skeletal muscles
which muscles are only in the heart and are the bulk of heart walls?
cardiac muscles
which muscles are striated, involuntary, and can contract without nervous system stimulation?
cardiac muscles
which muscles are found in walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and airways?
smooth muscle
which muscles are not striated, involuntary, and can contract without nervous system stimulation?
smooth muscle
cell shape and appearance of ______: single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations.
skeletal muscle cells
cell shape and appearance of ______: branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate; striations.
cardiac muscle cells
cell shape and appearance of ______: single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations.
smooth muscle cells
connective tissue components of skeletal muscles?
epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
connective tissue components of cardiac muscle?
endomysium attached to fibrous skeleton of heart
what are the connective tissue components of smooth muscle?
endomysium
which muscles have the presence of myofibrils composed of sarcomeres? which muscles have the presence of T tubules?
skeletal and cardiac
where is the site of invagination of T tubules in the skeletal muscles? cardiac muscles?
skeletal:
2 in each A-I junction
cardiac:
1 in each sarcomere of Z disc
which muscle is the most organized? least organized?
most organized: skeletal
least organized: smooth
what has the most elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum?
skeletal muscle
which muscles have the presence of gap junctions?
cardiac and smooth muscle
how do skeletal muscles regulate contractions?
voluntary contractions via axon terminals of the somatic nervous system
how do cardiac muscles regulate contractions?
involuntary
intrinsic system regulation and autonomic nervous system controls
hormones
how do smooth muscles regulate contractions?
involuntary
autonomic nerves
hormones
local chemicals